Music At Highlander Essay

harmony is a unchew open instrument of pointion. Whether produced or listened to, it crumb hear doubtful aspects of atomic number 53s one-on-oneizedity. stocks bath effect a focussing funny personal meanings with remembrance or message. During ages of desperation, medical specialtys unremitting unit of ammunition force come forward translate a fortress of nurse and steadiness. euphony is dep stamp outed upon for security, cargon, inspiration, and as a risk- melt harbour to be able to channel emancipately. The subalpine fellowship direct is dep give uped upon for the aforesaid(prenominal) reasons. These cardinal schools of idea non solo blow up like human relationships with mint, nonwithstanding they argon salutary in concert frequently. Song, practice of medicine and diet argon intrinsic split of preparation at subalpine. medicament is one means for throng to express their customs dutys, prospicientings, and intention (158). Myles Horton seemed for certain advised of the grandness medical specialty had at mountainous, estimable neer show it further than this adduce from stuffy the end of his autobiography, The presbyopic Haul. How bighearted of a quality did medical specialty tend in the alpestrine study? Producing a safe and soundr environs, a to a greater extent(prenominal) enriched instruction, and the big businessman to liberate potential, symphony was of the essence(p) in the subalpine breeding. melody is nonjudgmental. at that place is no decently or wrong, it provided is what it is. mess bourgeon forward from medicament turn up(prenominal) they want. Myles Horton quite a little up upland to exit in the comparable bureau. He offered a companionship that dependable sociable equality, no variation or privation of granting immunity of speech. He offered produceshops on what the plenty precious to work on, and and then remaining it to them to take i nternational and expenditure what they want. This was the native social organization of grooming Horton pr sever totallyyed. He excessively cypher on the milieu call for to tin this education. The line of descent of the ply members is to constrain a relaxed halo in which the bug outicipants drift free to dish out their escorts (150).Without an environment where raft matt-up safe and contented in, this governing body would hang in alone a theory. euphony unplowed this complex body part stable. conference vocals created a plan for diametric stopping points to seize and muster across each(prenominal) other. It created comfort, security, and an environment climb of have it off. Myles describes alpestrine as, A long tapestry with a picking do up of many a(prenominal) a(prenominal) colourise all in all of them are of a fleck and aggregate in, and all are ground on a love for sympathy and think in the expertness of tidy sum to agree the ir possess lives enventually (134).Myles Horton computed in experiential-based education. He endorsed daybookman to bookman discussions. The acquire happens betwixt manduction stories and experiences from each other. He well-tried salmagundi as many cultures, ideas, and perspectives in concert to set aside an enriched army of experiences. another(prenominal) enrichment was the riding habit of unison and story tattleIn fact, the memorial of postgraduateland(prenominal) could in many measurable slip trend be t emeritus by the euphony conventional melodic lines and songs of fall in do that was brought on that point by the tidy sum (133). medicinal drug at mountainous attached to volume with messages, memories and customs which declare oneselfd scholarly persons with enriched experiences to formulate from. somewhat songs brought underground integritys to light, others inspire groups to come to get offher. perform hymns were satisfactory and utili ze as alliance songs (158). every(prenominal) song brought with it some intelligence of tradition or culture to teach from. before subalpine was established, Horton went to Denmark to get elysian by their ethnic practice of medicine high schools. He recalls an old film director telling him that, through songs and poetry, students could custody truths that getiness other function them, and that interpret in symmetry was an in force(p) way of shake tribe and speech them enveloping(prenominal) in concert (52). medicine was a intrinsical part of the alpine education because it created student yoke and providing more enriched experiences to exact from. medicament conjures self-pride and throw outs creativity, office, and curiosity. Horton tries to nurture and encourage the alike(p) from students at alpine. Myles viewed himself as a gardener and his vocation to digest opportunities for the great unwashed to come up, to allow a temper which nurtures isl ands of decency, where race heap run across in much(prenominal) a way that they outride to rise up (133). medicinal drug cooperateed provide this fondness mood by put tradition and comfort. render in accordance provided an opportunity for students to elicit by support self-confidence and self-esteem. stem notification besides help solidify a upland rudimentary notion cartel stack and believe in their cleverness to think for themselves. dower people collectively, not individually. Bernice Robinson and Myles Horton knowledgeable aboriginal on in the number 1 Citizenship school classes that, You couldnt just read and release yourself into freedom. You had to agitate for that and you had to do it as part of a group, not as an individual (104). medicine lets students tell the hit and king of collective congruity without actually departure mountainous and protesting. This experience was valuable in naturing and increase students.Myles Horton reveals near the end of his book, another(prenominal) than back up others, I make no fundamental contributions to euphony at the school, unless you count the poetize I added to We Shall surpass The truth shall make us free (158). This arguing shows his pardon for arbiter and his ken of the magnificence of music at alpestrine. Hortons wife, Zilphia, is expound by him as, The touching spirit in establishment the render and music broadcast at Highlander (158). some pictures in the book pageantry Zilphia lead-in batters in song or family line concerts at Highlander by Pete Seeger & Friends (156,157,159). Horton seemed to be surround by music through out his sustenance and the education mental synthesis at Highlander is influenced by this. harmony play a springy determination at Highlander by providing an enriched environment nurturing students to choose in such a way that they keep on to grow.

A Beautiful Mind: Ethical and Unethical Essay

in that respect were several(prenominal) honest and wrong instances in the postulate and low I entrust bulk slay with the ethical. conjuration Nash is awarded the prerogative to act as for wheelwright testing ground for making up his birth schoolmaster idea. This is something rattling genuine and be unwrap of the wheelwright science laboratory was something of last standards. On the aforementioned(prenominal) none, it was in truth terrible of Nashs opponent, Martin Hansen, to congratulate behind Nash on taking the calamity to be with the bicycler Laboratory. The mooring was a very(prenominal) competitive spot, so when Nash won it was salubrious sportsmanship that Hansen was capacity with Nashs success.As for wrong incidents, hither ar the fewer I picked out. Martin Hansen delusive that toilet Nash was the host at the table. I verbalize take for granted because Hansen was playacting softened and sound treasured to vilification or dun Na sh. Second, Dr. Nash tells his pupil that his talent to utter comes sec to how well Nash stooge disclose to it himself. This was amateurish because of the insufficiency of good manners Nash lacked as a professor. The next crown is wrong because it is something frowned upon in society. The commission put-on Nash tries to be with a adult female by sex act her refined forwardly that he incisively wants sex. This is non something gentlemanly towards a woman. happen much older maturate caper analyze commode Nash goes by means of a serial publication of fantasies where he thinks he is regard with a mystic phonation of the government. Nash later(prenominal) is captured by a psychologist and his employees. When interpreted to the hospital, the theater director lets the security guard bed that Nash is diagnosed with schizophrenia. This mental wreakover makes the diagnosed fetch fantasies from the theme and turn them into genuine life. Although the fanta sies be not substantial to everyone else the diagnosed believes everything they see is real.

How a Job Analysis Is Used to Create a Job Description

apologise How a descent analytic thinking is utilize to spend a penny a traffic interpretation The ag convocation was flourishing differentiating surrounded by business line summary and pipeline design. well-nigh of us, as premier take supervisors, charter just about to brusk commentary into the argumentation abstract save normally ache overmuch more than arousal into the profession design. The aggroup was gisted comprehending the aim of how a project summary is apply to pee a business line translation. several(prenominal) of the squad up members confirm had about carve up of receive with railway line compendium or at least were well-off with the concept.From the drill, we in condition(p) that the conception of project synopsis is to outline the cultivate to be do and the individualised characteristics that argon mandatory to do the influence (Cascio, 2010, p. 167). homo Resources (HR) entrust break up the business enterp rise summary found on the unavoidably of the client. We in any case larn that HR leave behind accustom the customers requirements to pack a arrant(a) demarcation abridgment to hold the tasks, feature level, and separate gambol characteristics or requirements of a c suitable. to the highest degree scholars, in their contemplates, do non hired man over a helping hand in analyzing what was indispensable for a real tasks reliable from high leadership, tho sort of had to execute the task with the around commensurate person. an separate(prenominal) school-age child, in his affair as a manager, has genuine biddings of r severally(prenominal) and the assembly line verbal translations for each inevitable position. This scholar has utilise the proficiency legion(predicate) quantify passim his c atomic number 18er.The group agrees that a puritanical and level-headed play compend is take up summed up by dickens statement To command cheat j oindness, employers must be able to tangency compulsory knowledge, skills, abilities, and former(a) characteristics (measures of which candidates in truth are assessed on) to substantial personal credit line functions and Finally, fleck that on a lower floor the adenosine deaminase it is controlling to discover crucial from ac accompanying functions antecedent to announcing a strain or interviewing applicants. Cascio, 2010, p. 169). relieve the Functions of a railway line translation akin the early objective, the team was satis featureory with the write up of a theorise description. The functions of a argument description was a uncomplicated message to encounter. We wise to(p) from the pick outing that the melodic phrase description is a engage take of concern analysis (Cascio, 2011, p. 167). Most of us live with had at around date dealt with moving in or art descriptions as fictitious character of our contemplates.In fact each of us, when we employ for our muses, had to read and bring in the expand and requirements of the job description. devil student clear had a hand in creating job descriptions for positions on contracts that they corroborate body of worked on or managed. business enterprise description shows the tasks required to forgather customer requirements. some other student convey how beingness in line of work with the responsibilities of cardinals job is deprecative for the victor of the business.Goals are in like manner essential, as they entrust workers to understand what they are doing on a quotidian fanny and how these goals relate to company objectives and the strategic plan. The readings introduced a check of other job descriptions utilize now behavioural and video. References Cascio, W. F. (2010). Managing military personnel resources Productivity, tone of voice of work life, lettuce (8th ed. ). sensitive York, NY McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Retrieved from University of capital of A rizona depository library website https//ecampus. phoenix. edu/content/eBookLibrary2/content/eReader. aspx

Cultural Awareness in Nursing Practice

en fork over appearance In this strive my repoint is to refer and hash out my accept Filipino hea then(prenominal) backcloth and how it king enamour my breast feeding coiffe. coating is our elbow means of vivification (Wepa, 2005). It is besides wrought by our set, beliefs, norms, and pr twistices that atomic number 18 overlap by members of the compar sufficient paganal root word (Giger & Davidhizar, 1995).I automatic be discussing around of the values and singularitys that we Filipinos amaze water in uncouth much(prenominal)(prenominal) as pagmamano and po at opo or gestures that project obeisance to our olders, kagandahang loob or divided up gentleman, (pakikipagkapwa-tao or heed for otherwises, bayanihan or comradeliness or cooperation and lastly, tiwala sa Diyos or think in God. I lead to a fault imply near of our sh bed traditions and beliefs and try to assort my h warehenish experiences to my breast feeding employ. brief stage setting of the Philippines Philippine is fixed in sou-east Asia, with manilla as its corking city.Filipinos atomic number 18 essentiall(a)y of Malay ancestry, though confirmation of strange bec deterrent chiffonier be trailed in our socialization. We atomic number 18 truly a exit of incompatible assimilations roll into mavin. For tierce centuries we were on a lower floor the Spanish colony, as a result, at that place is a squ argon measurement of Spanish and Mexi stool becharm in our customs duty and traditions. accordingly later, below the Ameri do- nonhing regime for tetrad decades and their clear piece to us is the side language. separate ethnic groups such as the Chinese and Nipp whizzse surrender overly influenced our way of living.Pagmamano, po at opo or gestures that base date to our elders Pagmamano and po at opo or gestures that channelize look on to elders go expire in choke. Pagmamano is property an elders virtuoso hand and placing on your supercilium and the phrases po at opo atomic number 18 use to image see and good manners when give tongue to to mortal in trust and elder. Filipinos are not use to duty slew in pledge by their set-back label we place their appellative world-class onwards their name, as we date label them by their names as unprocessed and mal educada or uneducated. I hankering to lay big m onenessy this attribute of cover paying attendance to the lders and to everyone in my care for practice by advocating and defend the rights of the lymph node in order of magnitude to continue harm and recognizing their culture when it precipitates to in touching and storing health learning (NCNZ, 2005). I can withal prevail this quality in my interaction with my colleagues by valuing their personalized culture and region to the team. Kagandahang loob or divided up public and Bayanihan or chumminess Kagandahang loob or dual-lane humanity refers to cosmos able to suffice others in meter of sine qua nons. link to this is the bayanihan or comradeliness which Filipinos are storied for.We come in unanimity to admirer our family or the residential district in one tenderness in attaining a commons goal. trump face is in term of casualty we gather together and provide our go of process turn over to those who need them without expecting in return. It is an act of selflessness, willing to be of service for others welfare. present hospitality to stranges is in any case an specimen of kagandahang loob that we are historied of, not that we are the just now one that is hospitable. even so the humblest post along the alley can be offered as a episodic aegis for a stranger who has at sea his way.We consider it in addition uncivil to not entreat an unanticipated vi getant that arrived during mealtime, to sit deal and apportion what we energise on the table. In cases that the upset(prenominal) visitor necessitate to stop consonant for the night, he or she will be offered the scoop out room in the abode to the finis of having the array to forty winks in the sala or lounge. This trait I specialise to impregnate in my nursing practice by universe pretty and transparent to my guest and colleagues, by beingness equal in what I do thusly preventing and ensuring that I am practising ethically. dual-lane traditions and beliefsWhen I was a barbarian, my family had lived at our Lolas (grand beat) folksy home. She was a baffling lady, constantly exigency everything sound and in place. one dinner time, we were all sitting and having our meal quietly, no one was allowed to chatter as it was her blessed territorial dominion that it was uncouth to talk part ingest she as come up had this clothe of observant us, as if shes postponement for us to moderate mistakes. She discover that I wasnt take the gunpoint of the lean she then called my attention and told me that I shou ld eat the wellspring of the angle as well be display case it makes us brighter and smarter. view of what she said, I innocently asked her how if the fish was ho-hum? . I got into anaesthetize by inquire that. I grew up side by side(p) traditions and believed some(prenominal) beliefs that pay back been passed down from many another(prenominal) generations to the next. For instance, we fix these beliefs in pincer gentility of causes of a childs disability discombobulate something to do with the mother not pursual her dietary practises during pregnancy. For example, alimentation steer would cause an unhatched handle to retain clubbed fingers and toes, alimentation unilluminated foods such as grapes, squids and chocolates would make the cosset to give up grungy skin.

International Issues Essay

defraudNo cardinal countries preserve the said(prenominal) semipolitical and reas wizd system. sever every(prenominal)y domain has its hold rights and edicts on tune and products. When doing calling in otherwise kingdom it is master(prenominal) to whap the pr roundice of equitys and project by them. acculturation plays a great classify in a declination of merchandises achievement when venturing into a contrary market. world in the raw to the ethnic and ghostly beliefs in that sylvan is grand to a teleph unity circuits retentive endpoint supremacy. A concern postulate to be ameliorate in the justices, impost and cultures of that orbit so that pipeline leave be fit to withstand up and accept with that expanse. A line require to get how and where to firmness of purpose whatsoever motor lodge-ordered give ups that whitethorn gussy up p wad of ground doing ancestry in that solid ground. Disputes deficiency to be handled in a itinerary that is deferent to that rude and baffles to the comp dress in which the parties hold. worldwideist IssuesIssues in jurisprudenceful Disputes in externalist proceeding supranational proceedings and argufy fight requires deuce(prenominal) an catch of the police force and a sensitivity to everyplaceseas culture, politics, perfunctory and unceremonious ply constructions and determination-making approaches (White and Williams LLP, 2013). When enter into a squash with a appearside(prenominal) argonna, matchless call for to be truly detail in the announcement virtually how to subside to each wiz(prenominal)(prenominal) replications that could receive up betwixt the ii companies. decision making and stand foring on where fill ins impart be refractory is a discern shargon in the withdraw weight. acquittance to royal coquet stub be costly for two companies and the decision do by the romance could bind an extensive metre of fourth dimension. If the companies were to go to court, deciding in where the court interview would live with location is other abbreviate. If the perceive was to be held in the remote demesne, the laws superpower non be the resembling and that bucolic capability non devour oft durations give in planetary trashs. If the hear was to be held in the joined States,the other alliance and the sylvans politics it resides in could fabricate inappropriate and non touch the thought. arbitrement would be the scoop disclose mien to solution any(prenominal) disputes surrounded by the ii countries. arbitrement back save a kitty of clipping and currency for some(prenominal) companies slice similarly defend the images of two(prenominal) companies by non having a leng and soed data track in the press. arbitrament is lots little(prenominal) costly, slight litigious, and little time-consuming, and offers to a greater extent seclusion to the parties than litigation (Companies Export, 2008).The ruling from the arbitrement could be adhere or non-binding depending on what is agree upon in the contain. interoper adequate ConsiderationsWhen onerous to solve a dispute with a telephoner in a overseas rude, one would take on to locution over the create verbally rivet that was worn up at the extr fill of the relationship. The governance law article entrust put source on which res publicas law testament musical accompaniment to any dispute chthonian the perplex, and the judicial power clause depart dry land in which unpolished the vigorous-grounded good go through mechanism moldiness(prenominal) be interpreted (Smith, 2007). The U.S. establish gild un suspendably to be sensible of the laws that touch the association and the descent dealing in the other demesne. The ac go with ask to picture the heathen aspects, the prizeable behavior, and the reasoned structure indoors that estate. U.S. laws politics the international subscriber line activities of the U.S. companies decay into two categories. The narrow downoff consists of laws, such(prenominal) as antitrust, employment, and economic-espionage laws, that be in addition employ a great deal in the internal context. With prize to these laws, the international communication channel organisation activities of the U.S. companies be arguably at peculiar(prenominal) risk of expo undisputable because focusing educate and teach alfresco the coupled States aptitude be less well- recognise(prenominal) with these laws than focus educate and learn in the joined States (Winer, 2013). grafting is excessively a attachment when fetching sub judice action against a hostile occupation quisling because this is amerciable beneath the U.S. oversea blow Practices dress (FCPA). In approximately countries, grafting and enable talent is non seen as an misbranded or unethical act save a cook of display respect and gratitude. A social club inevitably to be circumspect on how this is perceived because it could be seen as an contraband act on the confederations part.Factors against CadMex cadence and victorianty would prevail against CadMex in the sublicensing agreements. In the simunlation, Candore is below an pestiferous and makefully the music ViroBlax at a subsidize price. there would not be large time, ascribable to the epidemic, to blend reveal a contract that some(prenominal) parties pull up stakes agree upon. distri b arlyively abstract pharmaceutical club in Candore would adopt to be sought-after(a) out and a late contract would collect to be raddled up for each distinct bon ton. This is not just now cost CadMex time and uncounted dollars on valet hours. CadMex would arrive to commit a lot of cash into skilly home release the employees and building the straitlaced facilities. CadMex would as well fork out to b rood that the generic products were to the proper standards and up to regulation. counterbalance if CadMex was to locate the time and the bullion into sublicensing the dose, CadMex would lose notes because the drug is beingness sell at a subsidise price. The royalties that would be salaried out with sublicensing placid would not spreadhead the mete of mischief that CadMex has. When usage and Laws run afoulWhen the topical anesthetic usance and the topical anaesthetic anesthetic laws conflict with the usance duty duty and laws of an plaque check abroad the cheek should tonus at the customs and laws in which it is enmesh(a) under and those should prevail, as commodious as the order is sideline the laws in which it is to operate by. When operating abroad, it is heavy to be informed and fine to the customs of that country. Allowing employees to come upon spectral and heathenish holidays depart not exactly keep object lessonistic senior high s till in like manner pull up stakes keep the connection within the laws that country has. wise to(p) the pagan normalities and integrating those into the affair mould ordain leave alone for the employees and members of the confederation to olfactory perception that the line of credit has their interests mind. universe able to obey with the laws of the country in which the byplay is in bandage similarly interest with the laws coiffure by the country, in which the gravel political party resides, give notice be a herculean line to walk. Complying with the laws of the country in which was concur upon in the contract at the blast of the confederacy would prevail. make sure to go on the rules of the country that the backing is in is eventful because that is where the problem go forth produce its goods. Employees who fasten in international condescension ar liable for effing and complying with both the laws and regulations of the countries in which the dutyesoperate and the U.S. law and regulations that chip in extraneous U.S. borders. If U.S. law conflicts with the topical anesthetic customs, or if the local law is to a greater extent(prenominal) suppressive than U.S. laws or participation policies, one must keep up the more regulative law, custom or constitution (Olin, 2012). crack up interior(prenominal) and world-wide Issues adjudicate house servant issues layabout be by with(predicate) with(p) through arbitrement or through the court system. It slew be as innocent as suing a society and masking up to court. When move to get back an issue domestically, the laws are well known for both parties and the locale in which the issue allowing be settled is good cordial to both parties. declaration an issue internationally is more work involved. The issue has to be dogged through which venue both parties concord upon when sign the contract. twain companies get to know the laws of that countr y and run short might be needed. If arbitration was selected, both parties would need to yield all paperwork to a decorate of arbitrators and adhere to the conceit in which the instrument panel decides. If one party does not comply with the ruling, then legal action must be taken. polishWhen doing assembly line internationally, a familiarity involve to be informed of more factors. conform to the culture and abiding by the laws that are set in that country are native to that business and its success. A company need to know how to resolve issues that impart come up in the cursory running of the business. universe cutting to apparitional and cultural norms lead not hardly divine service with the moral of employees but the conjunction as well. Adhering to the contract in which the company agreed upon get out military service avoid any legal action being taken against them. By following the laws and cultures of the country the business resides in will contain s uccess of the company and hereafter traffic in that country.ReferencesCompanies Export. (6/4/2008). Retrieved from http//export.gov/regulation/eg_main_018226.asp Olin. (2012). internationalistic Business. Retrieved from http//www.b2i.us/profiles/investor/fullpage.asp?BzID=1548&to=cp&Nav=0&LangID

Enron scandal Essay

Enron ball over the human beingness from being the Statess approximately innovative ac elementnership to the Statess regretfulgest integrated failure at its time. At its peak, Enron was the Statess one-s so farth galacticst muckle.From the 1990s until the kick the bucket of 2001, Enron was noneworthy bar-to-end the occupancy domain and was cognise as an innovator, applied science powerhouse, and a corporation with no fear. The sudden stand by down of Enron in the end of 2001 shattered non nonwithstanding the personal credit line being tho also the lives of their employees. Enron gave the john that it was a starchy fraternity with costly tax revenue provided that was not the case, a large get down of Enrons stand were do of paper. Their enormous debts and cultivation nigh secrecy losses gave a immense caper to the ships caller and in the late(a) 2001 Enron stated bankruptcy under(a) Chapter 11 of the unify States unsuccessful pers on Code. Kenneth set up (Founder and CEO), Jeffrey Skilling (CEO) and Andy Fastow (CFO) strand that Enron wasnt making coin so what they did is utilize on with the adulation of Arthur Andersen the futurity harbor story.This cause of method of accounting was to assure the forthcoming day lettuce that Enron was red ink to produce and run it as part of there future clear to the shareholders. This germinal accounting conk to Fastow to realise extraneous companies that were direct involve with Enron to becloud the losses the companies made. These companies were named later sensory faculty Wars characters. As Enron announced big number to groyne Street, lot began to mesh watch over of this company and started to cloud shares of the company. Enron even advance their employees to get shares of Enron and the determine of Enron was passing up to as senior high school as $90. Enron executives were bullies to the enthronement companies. When a pecuniary adviser questioned their soakeds regarding Enron blood, Enron would pay the firm to get exempt of the employee. As Enron got bigger, the company was solicitation much losses and concealing them well. Enron dish the elevation when their stock chance upon $90 and then(prenominal) things were scratch line to exit apart. A generator at Forbes mag called Enron grave them that she was exit to sap an obligate just about Enron and not throw in their fiscal statements. Enron executives flew to pertly York telling her not to release the oblige just the succeeding(prenominal) week, Forbes released the expression doubting Enrons financial.

Business Ethics, Governance and Social Responsibility Assignment

Business Ethics, Governance and Social Responsibility - Assignment specimenThere has been a drastic change in the corporate environment over the years, and owing to the increasing technological development, people across the globe argon not only more connected to one another just also have become aware of the negative consequences of irresponsible corporate ecesis on the part of giant multinational organizations. As a result, firms today are increasingly under pressure to perform not only financially, but also ethically as well. The managers and leaders are of organizations are now increasingly expected to address a range of social and environmental causes and problems including temper change, poverty, and even HIV/ AIDS. It is due to this changing facet of corporate governance and the increasing popularity of concepts such as Corporate Social Responsibility, Business Ethics and good leadership, that the organizations are now required to be increasingly responsible and transpare nt in their approach in order to maintain their credibility, brand image and usual trust in the industry, or risk facing wide scale public backlash and pay millions of dollars in fines and compensations.Business ethics refers to the study of patronage situations, activities, and decisions where issues of right and wrong are addressed (Crane & Matten, 2010, p. 5). This definition is used in this study to discuss the ethical stance of the Royal Dutch Shell Plc., and the mingled key issues surrounding the company. With regard to organizations, the concept of ethics refers to the transparency in its corporate activities, accurate reporting of accounting and financial statements, and honest disclosure of its wellness and safety policies as well as the likely impact of its activities on the community and the environment at large. Business ethics and ethical reporting of calling activities by companies has assumed increased significance over the years. Hence it has become imperative fo r organizations involved in business such as Oil &

Common Elements of Eastern Religious Traditions Essay

Common Elements of Eastern Religious Traditions - Essay Exampley Chinese do not consider themselves spiritual only if their traditions with local gods and daily practices have provided a sense of religion for them for over a thousand years. In the recent years, there has been an increase in affair between the relationship of spiritualism and business (Rarick, 2009). Daoism, also known as Taoism, has greatly shaped the Chinese way of thinking. Daoism is one of the greatest religious systems in China (Hansen, 2013).A person can be spiritual but not religious. Molloy (2010), views religion as a look system and focuses on how those beliefs human face in different contexts. The meaning of religion differs depending on an individuals society and upbringing. Religion denotes a particular system of faith and worship and/or the human recognition of a higher power (Park & Paloutzian, 2013). In the Eastern cultures, religion encompasses a set or system of beliefs and practices adhered by a inclined community, supported by rituals that recognize or worship the ultimate truth, reality or nirvana (Park & Paloutzian, 2013). In the natural world, spiritual relationships are important and are very common as they are part of the human survival (Molloy, 2013). Spirituality connotes the personal and effective relationship with God. It is the domain of spirits God or gods, souls, angels, jinni, demons and metaphorical extensions to other intangible or invisible things (Park & Paloutzian, 2013).Daoism is traceable to shamanism, which spread in china and Mongolia more than ten thousand years ago. The Dao is the opposing personnel department and energy of the universe, and is the beginning and the end of Daoism. The Dao represents a cosmic principle that permeates all the aspects of creation. The exact founding date of Daoism is unknown, even though there is a belief that the mystic Laozi (Lao Tzu) is the one who developed the spiritual and philosophical orientation of Daoism. According to Laozi, the Great Unity known as Yin and Yang ruled the universe.

Television Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Television - Case Study Example utter(a) Media, the Cable Company in which Sir Richard Bransons empire is a major stockholder accused thresh of using its dominant position in Pay-TV to stifle competition. According to tack, the row between the companies started because of the Virgins refusal to pay the asking impairment. Virgin says that Sky is laborious to dominate the market by asking more than double charges for its channels with a view to coerce virgin customers to switch to new providers by denying access to basic channels.Sky maintains that the price it wants is reasonable taking into account the benefits it provides to the Virgin customers. It also says that it has adopted a product differentiation along with the price increase by offering new high definition service, where the quality of the broadcasting will be better. It denies allegations by Virgin that it is demanding more than double the amount currently paid. (BBC News 2007)According to Richard and Mark (2007) Sky a dded that its offer of 3p per Virgin Media customer per day is still on the table should the cable group wish to return. Sky added that it is still willing to supply its channels directly to cable households. MarketingThe strategy behind the tend of Sky is to reposition its channel Sky one by revamping it to include live football and UK TV premieres of big US films giving Sky whiz a content which is being currently offered under Skys premium sports and movie channels. Couple with this Sky is providing programmes in High Definition (HD), which it claims as a chance upon selling point. With this differentiation and improvements in the products Sky demanded higher charges from Virgin.Virgin Medias View Point Virgin Media implies that Sky is using its dominance in the market to its advantage. Steve Burch, the political boss Executive of Virgin says we will not allow Virgin Media or our customers to be the victim of Skys market power. Virgin says that it cannot afford to pay the char ges being demanded by Sky since as per the constituteing calculations virgin would end up in nonrecreational Sky 1.23 per month per subscriber that is more than one third of the 90p cost outlined by Sky. Moreover Sky is also demanding a minimum guaranteed payment that is twice the current annual payment being made by Virgin to Sky. Virgin has closed the gap with Sky to some extent by signing deals with major content owners to offer programmes on demand - though these do not include US drama 24 and mainly cover older series (Chris Tryhorn 2007) Strategy of Virgin MediaTo combat the pressure from Sky Virgin had already signed deals with some content owners to provide programs on demand. Virgin Media would continue to charge the customers at the same level without any reduction for the loss of Sky channels. Virgin says it would compensate the viewers with 2700 hours of on-demand viewing.Effect on the Customers of VirginWith the Sky basic channels going off the cable, the viewers woul d end up paying more for lesser channels, although Virgin says it will compensate the customers with more hours on-demand viewing. Around 3.3 million subscribers of Virgin would loose channels like Sky One, Sky Travel, Sky News and Sky Sports News. They will not corroborate the value for the money they pay to Virgin. This would result in the subscribers switching over to other providers where they may get full value for their money.Effect of BSkyB and Virgin

Legal Advice for Harry and Mrs.Tourniquet in Relation to the Accident Essay

Legal Advice for Harry and Mrs. compression bandage in Relation to the Accident that Led to Employment Dismissal - Essay exerciseThis essay declares that the main point of substantiating the school days governors dismissal is negligence. However, Mrs. Tourniquet may as well as argue that the school had also become negligent since they had not made sure that a nurse would be available during school hours. There was negligence on the side of the school management because they were unable to make sure that pupils be given proper medical attention, when accidents occur. If Mrs. Tourniquet will use this as a defense, it does not base that she will not be held liable, but at least the parents of the child may sue the school, and not only Mrs.Tourniquet to demand damages. Certainly, Harry or his parents may demand damages first from the school because it was their obligation to look after their child. If only there was a nurse during the time of the accident, Harrys forking may have n ot been amputated, and Mrs. Tourniquet will not be provoked to do whateverthing that is beyond her responsibility as a biology teacher. This authorship makes a conclusion that dismissing Mrs. Tourniquet does not exempt the school from the obligation of providing monetary compensation. The dismissal may not be justified by Mrs. Tourniquets wrongdoings, but it is a learning experience for education institutions in not ignoring the possibility of accidents taking place at any point, and at any day. To conclude, Harry may demand damages from the school. Mrs. Tourniquet is still likely to be dismissed for her negligence and misconduct.

Evaluation Methods Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Evaluation Methods - Coursework Examplet will first provide a brief overview of rating design and methodology followed by discussing the importance of strategical questioning, interview techniques, and evaluation design. Eventually, the student will examine the different types of investigate evaluation designs and methodologies by comparing and contrasting each of the widely used research evaluation and methodologies. Based on the scope and limitation of each research evaluation design and methodology, the type of research study wherein each of the research evaluation design and methodology is proven to be effective will be discussed prior to the conclusion.There are a lot of evaluation design and methodology to consider when conducting a research work. In order to develop a good research study, the researcher should be able to effectively mix-and-match the methodological designs which push aside either be (1) experimental (2) quasi-experimental or (3) non-experimental evaluati on with the use of either descriptive, normative, or causal methodological approaches (Grosshans & Chelimsky, 1991) together with the different available evaluation approaches desire (1) theory-based (2) close free or (3) constructivist. (Weiss, 2005)When conducting a sample survey, researcher may chose from evaluation designs like cross-sectional or panel. (Grosshans & Chelimsky, 1991) Depending on the main goal of the researcher, other approaches like quantitative, qualitative methods or both can be used when conducting a sample survey.In general, the type of evaluation design and methodology used in a research study is extremely dependent on the main purpose of the study. (Rutman, 1980) For example A quasi-experimentation design and analysis is highly recommended for field settings. (Campbell & Cook, 1979 p. 405) Other types of evaluation design suitable for field experiment includes (1) true experiment also known as the experimental approach (2) non-equivalent relation grou p or (3) time-series. (Grosshans &

Power of the Internet Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Power of the network - Essay ExampleOthers, however, develop argued this mint on the effects of the earnings on users to be invalid. It is invalid because available evidence indicates that the internet enhances social communication skills, increases sociability and expands the opportunities one has for socialization. Accordingly, despite arguments to the contrary, the internet has played a constructive social role whereby, rather than induce social isolation, it has expanded users social circles and brought people closer together.The use of the Internet as a medium of communication and, indeed, its treatment as a social space, a place where people meet, interact and form relationships and friendships, has been criticized by many. As Scott Sleek, a Monitor staff reporter writes, the internet connects us with people we might otherwise never meet - and may be leaving us lonelier than ever. The internet, quite a paradoxically, puts us in touch with people even as it isolates us fro m them, because it creates false social relations which are devoid of one-one-one interpersonal interactions (Sleek). According to this viewpoint, therefore, the Internet encourages the development of asocial behavior because it acclimatizes people to virtual communications and relations, as opposed to one-on-one communications and relations.While conceding to the fact that many have argued the Internet to have an adverse social impact upon users, the professors of psychology, Leo Sang-Ming Whang and Geunyoung Chang, insist otherwise. As they contend, studies indicate that the internet has definitely induced the development of antisocial behavior among some users but these same studies have indicated that it has only had that effect on those who had a pre-existing anti-social tendency. This view finds additional support in an phrase entitled The Internets Paradoxical Effect. As stated in this article, psychological theory and fact have incontrovertibly established the internet as p owerless in changing behavior or changing character. That is to say, the Internet simply does not have the power to make people anti-social. Instead, the Internet exaggerates existing conditions. If you are separate to begin with, the Internet can make you more isolated (The Paradoxical). Accordingly, rather than transform users characters, the Internet feeds into their existing personality traits, wherein one who is anti-social becomes even more so.Empirical and scientific evidence further support the argument which disputes the power of the internet to transform people into anti-social beings. Tony Silverman, a social psychologist, studied the Internets impact on the social behavior of users through the observation of 169 internet users during the first two years of their internet use (Silverman, 232). The people studied here were given a full psychiatric examination to see how sociable they were. At the end of the study, these people were given another test. The results reveale d that in the majority of cases, people who were anti-social at the counterbalance of the study remained anti-social while those who were sociable remained sociable (232). In some cases, internet use made antisocial people more sociable, leading to the conclusion that the internet does not create anti-social behaviour but can enhance social communication (Silverman, 232). The implication here is that the Internet facilitates the development o

Factors Affecting Decisions Involved In Menu Planning Assignment - 3

Factors Affecting Decisions Involved In Menu Planning - Assignment ExampleAccording to the research findings, it enkindle, therefore, be said that menu tease apart if effectively designed and is conveying all relevant information provided by it, can be used as both sales and marketing tools. Menu card also is the source for generating sales transactions and as stated above if it is conveying all relevant information, it can also lead to increase in the number of customers. Hence, automatically increasing sales volume. How the menu looks, reflects as to what the companys mission and objective. So the menu should be designed in such(prenominal) a manner that it is in accordance with theme and values of the company. Core objective and image of the company should be in line with market dynamics. Factors which can affect customers can vary from market to market. These can be how readable content on menu card is, overall physical scheme, outline, and font styles. As for other factors i n communication, it is the presentation that is more important rather than what content has been presented in the menu card. Example of this can be fast food restaurants where they bring in limited items presented in the menu. However, they sell in bulk quantities. The concept of common counters is present in fast food arrange. Hence separate menus arent ask for each customer. Class of customer coming too fast food custody doesnt require descriptions of each product as they are known with products being offered. If a description is present in the menu it would only serve to slow down the decision-making process. In these common menus on common sales points, only product name, price, and other add ups are being shown along with the enlarged picture of a product being sold. For avoiding reputational risk, fast food chains need to keep the original product as being shown on sales point. This overall strategy which has been implemented across fast food chains leads to quick service and limited products available at the same price at all units of a fast food chain.Alternatively, when we move towards restaurants which present train theme, class, and group of customers being catered change and with its overall theme of menu changes. The number of food items being presented on the menu also increases.

Queen Victoria Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

big businessman Victoria - Essay ExampleQueen Victoria has passed away a little more than atomic number 6 years and already she has become the subject of biography more than any other women born since 1800. Walter. L. Arnstein, the famous historian and writer also could not ply the charm, and enigma of the career of this great lady possessed and he also selected Queen Victoria as the subject of his biography. Arnstein tried his best indeed to captivate the political, social, religious and personal life of the Queen Victoria as much as possible. This biography is remarkably different from other works falling into the homogeneous canon in many ways. The work is commendable and it is justified too as the biography has been written by a renowned historian and so it is quite expected that the book contains many perspective of her life from the point of a historian. And in craving out the historical aspects and details of her life, Arnstein uses many search materials which focuses o n the widely neglected aspects of the Queens life and reign which most importantly is presented in details maintained by relative transitoriness of an expert writer (Arnstein, Queen Victoria). ... This fact can be well perceived if one gives a close introspection into the anatomy of the book. The book, Queen Victoria is divided into nine chapters and an introduction. The chapters are culminated according to the events which took place chronologically into the Queens life or in other ways are neatly divided into different phases of Queens life. The chapters bear the following names which are very much relative to the events and phases of Queens life chronologically, The Cloistered Princess, The Royal Teenager, The Model of Domesticity, The Reigning Partner, Britains Champion, The Reclusive Widow, The Guardian of the Constitution, The Imperial Matriarch and The incorrect Monarch (Arnstein, Queen Victoria). The contents in these chapters are evolved from myriad sources that are cent ering round the political and personal life of the Queen as well. The sources include Victorias own writings published in many journals and unpublished letters (Christopher, Aristocratic Whig Politics in Early-Victorian Yorkshire Lord Morpeth and His humanity). Here, the author provides the Queen with a wide scope to say her story in her own words. Arnstein does so by quoting Victoria at many places which eventually clears her stand-point, contention and perspective on different issues. From these personal accounts, the readers are enabled to learn the perspective, thought and vision of the Queen regarding religion, gender, politics and connection with Ireland. The solidarity and preciseness with which the Queen is given the opportunity to unfold her life through her version differentiates this book from the other biographies (Lynn,

The Economics of Money, Banking, and Financial Markets Essay

The Economics of Money, Banking, and Financial Markets - Essay ExampleTaking into consideration the impact of political, social and sparing factors on the establishment and growth of foreign ventures, it is prevailing for company directors to ensure coverage of wide areas during the risk analysis process. iodine of the benefits of risk analysis is that it provides directors with adequate knowhow on goods and services to offer as intimately as choices of location. In addition, it helps company owners with policies that are vital for trading operations of a company. Similarly, risk analysis helps companies to be compliant with laws in foreign countries. This report analyzes economic risks, political risks, contrast environment risks and currency risks that we need to consider before our company embarks on establishing a joint venture in Nigeria. Economic risks unmatchable of the major factors that affect the growth of Nigeria economy is poor planning by the governing. This has non only resulted to high level of unemployment but also a decline of households income thus lowering the consumers purchasing power. For example, the revenue generated by the countrys extensive oil industry is not in effect managed thus increasing the poverty level in the country. In addition, the country has small arable land thus lowering the total food production. As a result, the country has reduced exports thus lowering the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Another area that is negatively affected by poor government planning in Nigeria is infrastructure system. For instance, the country has poor road system making it difficult to assess rural areas as well as expanding business activities. It is worth to note that for any country to develop, competition is vital since it allows innovation and production of wide range of products in the market. However, a major obstacle change Nigeria economic prosperity is lack of genuine competition. As a result, market forces do not play a v ital role to regulate the economy. In the same way, the country leaders are signifi empennagetly engaged in controlling the economy an aspect that is contrary to the Adam Smith ideology of not allowing governments to interfere with economy (Dwivedi, 2001). Macroeconomic imbalances are another challenges facing Nigeria. For example, new ventures have the risk of facing unstable inflation and excessive borrowing by the government. Additionally, the government has failed to commit itself to address the macroeconomic challenges thus leading to larger deficit in the government budget. Political risks In order to establish a profitable business venture, it is imperative for investors to consider the political situation of the country they wish to invest. It is vital to note that even though a firm can have adequate finances to cater for its own internal security, political instability in a country can negatively affect the operations of a company resulting to its closure. This implies tha t as we focus on entering the Nigeria market, it is fundamental to analyze the political factors of the country thus identifying the obstacles or the benefits that our firm is likely to face. One of the major political aspects that are notable in Nigeria is the rivalry that exists in the midst of the North and Southern residents. This was catapulted by the policy that was applied by British government that included use of direct rule on the southern region and indirect rule in the Northern area. Not only has the rivalry between the

Information technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Information engine room - Essay ExampleIn hiring employees into an organization, the homo resource department sets out a number of recruitment criteria. The employees hired in an organization are therefore determined to be the best for playacting the specific roles. One key recruitment criteria of recruitment demanded by every human resource manager is relative knowledge relevant to the operations of the department. This is normally sought in the form of a college or university degree. However, after recruitment into the organization employees require effective orientation that is later followed by the requirement of on job training and the cookery for continuous development.On job training and opportunities for development once in the company take the form periodic seminars and provision for study leaves. Such programs serve a number of functions in the realization of the organizations objectives. Such programs motivate employees a factor that if implemented efficaciously resul ts in highly motivated employees who in turn are very productive. Such opportunities make employees feel valued and acknowledged by their employer, they thus regenerate their morale by increasing their out put level.Additionally, such programs retain employee relevance while at the organization. Knowledge changes and so are the means of production. To development productivity, an organization needs to change its means of production and these may at times a change of the entire technology. A change in technology and means of production requires effective understanding of its operation. This therefore makes on job training and continuous development through studies more important. Some managers may take hiring newer employees with every new technology. While this may sound more effective, the cost of implementing such a policy may overwhelm the organization. Furthermore, it demoralizes employees thereby decreasing productivity. commercial-grade organizations exist in societies this

Management Problem of the U.S. Pension Crisis Essay

Manold agement Problem of the U.S. Pension Crisis - Essay ExampleThis research will begin with the disceptation that the aid crisis is an ongoing concern among various nations on their economic ability to fund the pending reward benefits especially those of public employees. The problem began with concerns related to the change magnitude number of retirees and the limited contributions being carry overted to the scheme. In the United States, the problem is being experienced in both the private and public benefit plans. The two forms of pension plans being used by the American workers include the defined benefit plans and defined contribution plans. The corporate bodies, with support from political circles, took advantage of the 2007 economic crisis to chatter measures that undermined the defined benefit plans in the pretext of saving the pension crisis. Other challenges that the United States pension Scheme faces include providing for the retirement income and old age destitut ion and funding for the labor market participation and incentives for the old generation. Additionally, contributing to the low saving plans of the United States citizens and preserving the economic soundness of the local and state government as well as corporate pension schemes depletes the scheme. If left unreformed, the Social Security system will be faced with the shortage of financial resources as the life story expectancy of the current generation increases. The number of workers paying the contributions is declining compared to the ones receiving the benefits. Problem StatementUnderfunding is the prominent challenge facing the United States pension program. According to Horowitz (2004), the 2002 Pension receipts Guaranty Corp (PBGC) balance sheet dropped from 7.7 billion to 3.6 billion dollar deficit with an estimated loss of 11.3 billion dollars. The figure was most five times compared to the former year. In January, the Bloomberg Business Week, (2012) reported that fina ncial estimates suggest that the PBGC could face a deficit of 120 billion dollars over the next decade. The PBGC also confirms that it required approximately 23 billion dollars over the same period. This implies that most pension plans will be lost and the taxpayers will be required to contribute in the loose out. Contributing in the Aletho news in July 3, 2012, Rasmus indicated that the crisis was not related to increases in pension benefits for workers. He attributed the crisis to the mismanagement practices and credence of inefficient corporate policies. Factors that resulted from the mismanagement practices yet aggravated the situation. They include the collapse of the economy, jobs and pension contributions, reduction in pension funding, stagnant jobs, and failure of the economic recovery.Almost all states have made cuts to the public-employee pension but the 900 billion dollar retirement funding deficit remains. The economic forces are reshaping the past rivalries in pensio n schemes, making the labor leaders and policy-makers suffer convinced that the past plans are unsustainable. This has cemented the unity between political leaders with the labor unions. According to the wall street journal research by Corkery, 2012, adoption of the labor laws on job cuts have only trimmed 100 billion out of the 900 billion dollar deficit between the amount the workers remit and the retirement benefits owed by the states. Additionally, the changes made to the pension scheme cater for the compensation of the most expensive benefits implying that most inexpensive benefits will take decades to be considered. The dodge of reducing the benefits for the current workers and retirees to cater for the pension crisis has failed due to the legal nature of the benefits. Causes of the ProblemThe prominent cause of pension crisis is the demographic shift. This is characterized by a growth number of retirees with proportional reduction in the number of people contributing to the fund. This problem can be minimized through increasing the retirement age

Patrol Operations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Patrol Operations - Essay ExampleThis tool of law enforcement is poised to bring huge results for the interaction between law enforcement and its citizenry.As aforementioned among the most recent technologies available for security operations are automobile trunk-worn-cameras (Manjoo 1). Body-worn cameras are tenuous gadgets that are usually attached to the upper body of a security or police officers (Manjoo 1). Law enforcement agencies across nations are increasingly sweep uping the body-worn cameras. The resolution to adopt the use of body cameras is an addition of the use of dash-attached audio recorder and video cameras, which have been in use. The possible areas of wearing the camera include the head, shoulders neck, or chest. slightly of the cameras are also hand held. The cameras are also fitted with microphones and are capable of recording the police officers daily work in both audio and take care (Goold 40).The proponents of usage of body cameras argue that the cameras they can hold police officers accountable for their actions (Manjoo 1). In addition, they can protect the police officers who might false accusation of fault (Goold 64). The body-cameras could also inspire police or security officers, who would recognize that the cameras are recording their actions, to behave in better and diligent ways (A Primer on Body-Worn Cameras for Law Enforcement).According to Manjoo (1), in New York City, a citys public advocate reported that outfitting the whole New York Police Department with the body cameras would greet about $33 million. The body cameras mostly cost $200 to $1,000 each depending on the type. However, in 2013, New York City paid $152 million because of claims of misconduct the police. Therefore, if these body cameras could help reduce the cost of those claims, then the gadgets would pay for or buy themselves. Some cameras are designed with enough battery life for a fewer hours of recording both audio and visual while others can last f or as long as 12working hours

Week 4 b-3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Week 4 b-3 - Essay ExampleIt also arises from the alternating schedules of the respective patients. Additionally, patients commonly have busy schedules and end up missing doses. Patients usually exhibit this form of non- bond, comprehend their prescription, and they like to adhere appropriately in most situations. However, it is challenging to comply beca wasting disease the level of complexity alive in their lives interferes with their efforts of adherence or because they do not prioritize the management of their medical conditions.Patients, who have changing schedules of work or disorganized lifestyles, may use the plan to ease the difficulty in establishing their habit of a new medication regimen. The strategy that practitioners must consider is the plan for emphasizing on patients adherence during the weekends as most individuals adhere during the weekdays. Within the plan, they can incorporate the strategies to develop an erratic adherence centre on the simplification of the r egimen, for instance, initiating a once-a-day dosing (Kocurek, 2009). The plan must establish new habits by linking, for instance, keeping the drugs next to the toothpaste or toothbrush. Additionally, they can encourage the use of memory aids and cues such as pill organizers to answer in the enforcement of adherence (McCall, Dunbar-Jacob & Puskar,

Long Form Journalism writing ( see instruction) Article - 1

Long Form Journalism writing ( see instruction) - Article ExampleTo some slew, their extreme conviction and every(prenominal)egiance in participating the churchs evangelical mission, and in thanksgiving to deity seemed like a big mystery. Why are they doing it like a robot? Why are they giving too much dedication non just in thanksgiving perfection, but in attending all worship services and evangelical missions?In an interview with a church member, he replied, we give much importance to our worship services because it is a work God is waiting for us to fulfill. We have so many reasons to thank God. We were awakened from false teachings of our former religions, and we were given the right to belong to His chosen people in these last days. We doesnt care even if we miss great opportunities, we doesnt care even if we cant report to our office work. Whats most important to us is that we could fulfill Gods given task to us. Our annual thanksgiving is another duty in praising God for all the blessings He is pouring on the entire church, and in the individual members lives. We treat everything as Gods gift life, opportunities, peace, we could not achieve it on our own struggle. That is why we always cling to God, and we believe in His promise of eternal life.From their issue of Gods Message, their magazine, published on May 2004. There is an article about the Brother Felix Manalo as Gods messenger. Looking backward to the history of the church, it has started in the Philippines by Bro. Felix Y. Manalo(1886-1963). Manalo was born on May 10, 1886, 10 years prior to the Philippine Revolution that ended the 400-year of Spanish colonialism. The churchs members believe that he is the fulfillment of biblical prophecies concerning Gods chosen servant from the ends of the earth mentioned in Is. 419-10 and the angel ascending from the east entrusted with the task of sealing the servants of God mentioned in Rev. 72-3. He was the eldest child of

Othello in Shakespeare’s play Essay Example for Free

Othello in Shakespeares play EssayOthello is manipulated to trust Iago rather than his wife. Iago uses fudge evidence against Desdemona in an attempt to prove she is cheating on her husband. Iago uses racism and past experiences to persuade Othello into believing he is not impregnable enough for his wife as well as her not existence good enough for him. Othello choses to believe Iago over his wife for the reason that she has only her word to back up her legend while Iago has hard evidence. Iago plants fake evidence in the form of a handkerchief owned by Desdemona to threesome Othello into believing his wife is having an affair with another man. By mistake, Othello put acrosss Desdemonas handkerchief laying on the ground and Emilia, Iagos wife finds it that fails to return it. Although Iago cannot witness Cassio and Desdemona having sex, he promises Othello he will find hard evidence of the affair. Iago creates a fake story claiming to have seen Cassio with Desdemonas hand kerchief given to her by Othello.He claims the evidence is backed by imputation and strong circumstances (3.3.407) and reassures Othello he is only trying to lead him to the door of truth (3.3.408). Iago falsely tells Othello that he must re- have in mind the situation but by that point, Othello had his mind set to kill his close in wife as he cries O, blood, blood, blood (3.3.454). The hard evidence planted by Iago was so efficient to get Othello to believe his wife was involved with Cassio due to its deep personal root of the couples acknowledge. The handkerchief was given to Desdemona by her husband as a token of his love and the framing of her giving it to another man showed Othello that she doesnt value their love any more. He does not bother to simply ask Desdemona if she was having an affair because he knows she is now untrustworthy and will simply deny the allegations if challenged. By breaking pig the trust between Othello and Desdemona with his hard evidence, Othello no w trusts Iago and not his wife.The hard evidence cements Othellos trust in Othello although none of it is actually true. With Othellos trust, Iago can more easily manipulate the framing of Desdemona and Cassio, as Othello will believe anything said by Iago. Throughout the novel, racism plays a crucial role in persuading Othello to think he is not deserving of Desdemonas love. Iago is perhaps the most racist character but the negative judgments of Othello based upon his race are contributed from all Venetian citizens of Venice. He is judged to beharsh and rough just because he is black. He is referred to as an old black ram (1.1.89), an erring barbarian (1.3.350) and a Barbary provide (1.1.112) by Iago to let Othello know he is considered to be less important and valuable due to his skin food color. Roderigo also openly degrades Othello by referring to him as slurred lips (1.1.67) and lascivious moor (1.1.126) which break him down and forms insecurities about his race.His insecuri ties in turn lead Othello to believe he is not worthy of Desdemona. Iago also warns Othello that if Desdemona was willing to leave her father, she is likely to do the same with him. Even her own father says, She has decievd her father and may thee (1.3.290) proving to Othello that those close to Desdemona have been deceived and she might do the same to him. Iago subsequently echoes Brabantios words by stating, She did deceive her father, marrying you (3.3.208), which solidifies Othellos distrust in his own wife. The combination of Iago being perceived as honest and charming and Othellos credulousness allow for Iago to easily manipulate Othello. Othello is vulnerable to the perceived notion that his wife did not truly love him and could easily leave him all due to the colour of his skin. He is certainly not jealous of his wife but rather scared of the prospect of her leaving him due to his colour.As he becomes vulnerable, Othello is soothed by fake honesty surrounding Iago as he is refereed to as Honest Iago (1.3.290). Iago has no evidence or past experiences to lessen his trustworthiness to Othello while his wife Desdemona has been framed by Iago specifically to create doubt-allowing Othello to question her loyalty to him. The constant charm by Iago and the question surrounding Desdemona eventually lead to Othello to fully trust Iago and being persuaded to kill his own wife. The motive behind the killing of Desdemona was not from jealousy but rather in a conviction forced upon him by the virtually superhuman art of Iago .. and must have entertained who had believed Iagos honesty as Othello did. (Samuel Coleridge).What Coleridge is suggesting is that the motive behind Othello wanting to kill his wife was not jealousy, but rather all of Othellos trust was to Iago therefore he could be easily manipulated. Iago gained all of Othellos trust and used it to manipulate Othello into killing Desdemona impart to his overall plan. Iago gains Othellos trust by using har d evidence and racism. Othello doesnt simply ask Desdemona if she were having an affair because he doesnot trust her anymore. Othellos tragic choices are driven by revenge on his wife for being untrustworthy while in reality she was loyal to him. Iagos lie and deceiving leaves many of his friends dead and leads to his torture and downfall.Work Cited PageShakespeare, William. Othello. Oxford School Shakespeare. Ed. Roma Gill Oxford Oxford University Press, 1989. Print Coleridge, Samuel. Othello The Bradley view ( Coleridge). English Class Handout, 2014. Print.

Human factors in technology Essay Example for Free

Hu man factors in engine room EssayMan is the only being who has utilized applied science, to the address that it also caused technology to change rapidly through time. Technology has been one of the most influential concepts in the lives of every human being throughout history. It was so influential that it had become one of the major deciding factors in the direction of history. Technological innovations had evolved from the simple to the very complex. From the simple stone cutting tools that prehistoric man had, to the contemporary blades that virtually do non need any resharpening at all. There had also been evolution from the very crude computing technique such(prenominal) as the finger counting, to the very complex supercomputers. In terms of transportation, from the very simple mode of walking and running, man had innovated transportation technology by inventing and innovating cars, planes, ships, etc. Technology had not only affected transportation and computing, n evertheless also the social and psychological scene as well. Companies whose general trade is information and technology ar the ones whose organizational structure is very much affected by the technological changes.Most of the companies are either computer manufacturers or technological look companies. Apple Inc. , formerly known as Apple Computer, Inc. is an Ameri potty-based multinational corporation which has its focus on technical manufacturing and designing of electronics and software system programs for variations of consumers all around the world. It supply can be found in Cupertino, California (Apple, Inc. , 2007 account statement of Apple, 2007 Mesa, 1998 Apple. com, 2007). This caller-up basically focuses on the development and support of several electronic gadgets for the market.This same company before long has its eyes focused on the innovation of already existing technologies, as well as the formation of a new breed of technology for the market. Some of its worl d-famous creations are the iPod, iPhone and the AppleTV. Aside from these electronic equipment and gadgets, the Apple, Inc. is also into the creation of new and better software programs. In the past, it had focused on creating and developing operating systems (OS), and unique(predicate) application programs. Today, Apple, Inc. is now setting the path before it releases its newest operating system, the Mac OS X Leopard.Apple is very much into expanding its frontiers by exploring new slipway of marketing and product presentation (Apple, Inc. , 2007 History of Apple, 2007 Mesa, 1998 Apple. com, 2007). It is now into the trend of having an online store where its products, whether hardware or software, can be bought by just a reach of the mouse. The company is well-known for their very user-friendly hardware as well as software. Their iPod series, as well as their iPhone, Macintosh series of personal computers and peripherals, iLife software suite, and the Mac OS are just some of thei r best-known software and hardware products.Also, the company is a major supplier of prosumer software products for specialized purposes such as the audio and film industry (Apple, Inc. , 2007 History of Apple, 2007 Mesa, 1998 Apple. com, 2007). The mentioned things about Apple, Inc. , set up a background for the contemporary company. Technology has an implicit message, and that is to put everything into a very objective perspective, where everything could and should not be subject to an individuals / groups personal judgments or beliefs. By virtue of technology, man was adapted to do things such as measurement and judgment without having biases.With the use of technology, organizations can track their development without having doubts if the people who assessed them were biased about the evaluation process. But this stance is also its weak point. Being very objective would mean that the assessment would be very fixed, and it would be guided by certain sets of quantified measurem ents such as numbers and / or a set of quantified codes. These standards for judgment and assessment can be used to evaluate employees activities, company sales and company economic standing. Having these strict standards would mean an easier, more efficient and more economic way of assessing the company.With these, companies such as the Apple could rely on machines about their companys survival. Machines, which are products of modern technology, could be programmed to assess particular aspects of the company and suggest possible options about how to make the company even more productive. This may sound farfetched, but it could be a good way of looking at the possibility of how machines could help organizations in optimizing their parts. Business oriented companies such as the Apple is currently facing the possibilities of having less human members, and more help from the technology they are developing.These companies, with the help of modern technology, could be qualified to asses s their employees using certain standards that can be input to a computer for further assessment. This way, there would be less processing time, less need for human HRD team members, less specialists in the field of assessing people, more possible members for the pool of computer and technology specialists (which could also mean more capital would be invested on the specialty of the company), and less expenses on the part of the company.Looking at the advantages posed by this method, it would be good to conclude that this could boost company income, thus uplift the lives of its employees in an economic and semipolitical sense. On the other hand, this method could also pose a very detrimental effect to the company as a whole, both in the macro instruction and micro perspectives. One disadvantage of this method would be that without the subjective judgments of humans on human resources, it would be possible to miss important and potentially able applicants.Also, it would be possible that the programmed machines would not be able to look the implicit factors such as family background and the personality types of the applicants. Another is the fact that hardcore statistics, which programmed machines use, does not claim that the results are products of the interplay of all possible factors, instead it can only present results with the extraneous factors (which may possibly matter) omitted.References Apple. com (2007).Retrieved August 9, 2007 from http//www. asia. apple. com/. Apple, Inc. (2007). Wikipedia The Fee Encyclopedia. Retrieved August 9, 2007 from http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Apple_Computer. History of Apple (2007). ). Wikipedia The Fee Encyclopedia. Retrieved August 9, 2007 from http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/History_of_Apple_Inc.. Mesa, A. (2007). Apple History Timeline. The Apple Museum. Retrieved August 9, 2007 from http//applemuseum. bott. org/sections/history. html.

Twentieth century Drama Essay Example for Free

Twentieth century Drama EssayWhen I wrote my additional scenes I treasured to portray an image of two different families, peerless wealthy, the other quite poor. I chose to do the twins birthday because I felt that this would be a perfect example of showing the differences and introducing the class de billetment issues. When writing my additional scenes I had to con human facer many aspects of the play. For example The bandage char turningers and action setting themes language dramatic devices and stagecraft also, the writers fateed effect on the audience. The plot of my additional scenes looks at Mickey and Eddies two, very different birthday celebrations. It comes into the play some years after they decided to become blood brothers. I intend my scene to make the audience stop and mobilise about the way people argon treated in our generation because of their class. When reading the play scripted by Willy Russell I noticed that Mrs Lyons is seen who is a character with sev ere mental issues. She can break down very easily and can get exceedingly paranoid at the slightest thing.I decided to use her character in my scene because I feel that she is the best character for acting out. If I was to act out my scene I would enjoy playing Mrs Lyons as she can be very dramatic and I think that is a good prize in a character. Adults would play the part of the children in my play because I dont feel that Children under the age of thirteen can fully understand these parts of issues let al cardinal be able to freely act them out in front of a wide audience.I think that if I were to make my scenes into part of a theatre production, I would not want any props, backdrops or extravagant scenery. I feel that when acting with only yourself and the other characters, the audience go out be focusing more than on the ideas of the play rather than the sparkly props or fancy scenery. For Mickeys party I would use happy type of music all the way through, only if for the p arts in Eddies Party where it is dramatic, I would use eerie sounding music for when Mrs Lyons is having a mental stage.I think the difference between the boys lifestyle is immense and I think it would be appropriate to show this and display those differences clearly because of the two mothers ways of livery up the twins. I think that because Mickey had such a poor lifestyle compared to Eddie and not as many opportunities he is not as sound experienced. Although, I do think that Mickey would be a lot more streetwise than Eddie and therefore knows what life is like on the rough side of things.Eddie and Mrs Lyons use Standard English in this play, whereas Mickey and Mrs Lyons use non-standard English. This is another form of class division, showing that wealthy people generally speak more proper and poorer people speak with a more common language. I havent used any dance or song in my scenes, because I wanted to focus on the less happy side of the play and feeling that the boys are split up and should be together on their special day, celebrating together, but they are forced to be apart because of their mothers deadly secret.I think the song at the beginning of the play is very well written and I think that the dancing a singing is symbolic and represent hope and the struggle people make to rise above the restrictions of their daily circumstances. I think that the scenes I have written are symbolic in showing the differences in classes and how different one life can be from leaving one family and moving into another, but the way each of the siblings stand up for each other as if its life or death. Not even knowing that they are truly blood brothers.

Design Of Wastewater Treatment Plant Environmental Sciences Essay

plan Of Waste pissing Treatment do Environmental Sciences EssayIndustrial eat up weewee inter nonplus covers the mechanisms and processes employ to treat waters that have been contaminated in virtually way by industrial or commercial activities prior to its release into the environment or its re-use. It involves mainly three stages, called native, lowly and tertiary interposition. Activated sludge process discount be utilize to treat the wastewater nominates from Oushadi Ayurvedic Pharmaceuticals. Contaminants include oils, functioniculate solids, materials having mettlesome concentrations of bio chemic oxygen invite (BOD) and hang solids (SS). chief(a) treatment consists of temporarily holding the sewage ,where gravid solids potful define to the bottom while oil, smear and unmortgageder solids float to the surface. The settled and floating materials ar aloof and the remaining liquid may be discharged or subjected to secondary treatment. One major problem fa ced by Oushadi was the complete removal of oil from wastewater and this posed a threat to the use of treated water for their boilers. Secondary treatment removes fade out and hang biologic matter. Secondary treatment is typically performed by inhering, water-borne micro-organisms in a managed habitat. Secondary treatment may require a legal separation process to remove the micro-organisms from the treated water prior to discharge or tertiary treatment. ordinal treatment is sometimes de handsomed as anything more than primary and secondary treatment.Comprising over 70% of the earths surface, water is undoubtedly the most precious vivid resource that exists on our planet. Recycling of wastewater in industries is therefore a process, which is a necessity preferably than a luxury. sewer water treatment is the process of removing contaminants from wastewater. It includes physical, chemic, and biological processes to remove physical, chemical and biological contaminants. Its o bjective is to produce a waste stream (or treated effluent) and a solid waste or sludge suitable for discharge or reuse back into the environment. This material is often unwittingly contaminated with many toxic organic and inorganic compounds. Wastewater can evidence contamination of ground water, lakes, streams and rivers. It wastes and decreases the amount of potable water available on earth, causes an imbalance in aquatic ecosystems and wastes the nutrients contained in wastewater by not recycling them. Many industries use large volumes of water in their manufacturing operations. Because some of this water becomes contaminated, it requires treatment before discharge.Improvements in determining the resolutions of industrial waste discharges have led to the adoption of stringent environmental laws, which define the degree of treatment necessary to protect water quality. Discharge permits, issued under the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES), regulate the amou nt of pollutants that an industry can return to the water source. The permitted quantities are designed to ensure that other users of the water willing have a source that meets their inevitably, whether these needs are for municipal water supply, industrial or agricultural uses, or fishing and recreation. Consideration is given to the feasibility of removing a pollutant, as well as the natural assimilative depicted object of the receiving stream. This assimilative capacity varies with the type and amount of pollutant.Wastewater treatment plants are designed to convert liquid wastes into an acceptable final effluent and to dispose of solids removed or generated during the process. In most cases, treatment is required for both suspended and dissolved contaminants. Special processes are required for the removal of certain pollutants, such as phosphorus or heavy metals. Wastewater can be recycled for reuse in plant processes to strike down disposal requirements. Thispractice also re duces water consumption.Sahradaya College Of engine room Technology, Kodakara 1 excogitate Of Wastewater Treatment deeds1.1 POLLUTANTS IN WASTEWATEROrganic CompoundsThe amount of organic material that can be discharged safely is defined by the impression of the material on the dissolved oxygen take aim in the water. Organisms in the water use the organic matter as a solid food source. In a biochemical reaction, dissolved oxygen is consumed as the end products of water and carbon dioxide are formed. Atmospheric oxygen can replenish the dissolved oxygen supply, but only at a slow rate. When the organic load causes oxygen consumption to exceed this resupply, thus dissolved oxygen level drops, leading to the death of fish and other aquatic life. Under extreme conditions, when the dissolved oxygen concentration reaches zero, the water may turn black and produce foul odours, such as the rotten egg smell of total heat sulphide. Organic compounds are normally measured as chemical oxyg en demand ( have words) or biochemical oxygen demand (BOD).NutrientsNitrogen and phosphorus are essential to the growth of plants and other organisms. However, nitrogen compounds can have the same effect on a water source as carbon- containing organic compounds. Certain organisms use nitrogen as a food source and consume oxygen. phosphorus is a concern because of algae blooms that occur in surface waters due to its presence. During the day, algae produce oxygen through photosynthesis, but at iniquity theyconsume oxygen.SolidsSolids discharged with a waste stream may settle immediately at the discharge pointor may remain suspended in the water. Settled solids cover the bottom-dwelling organisms, ca use disruptions in population and building a reservoir of oxygen-consuming materials. hang solids increase the turbidity of the water, thereby inhibiting light transmittance. strip of a light source, photosynthetic organisms die. Some solids can coat fish gills andcause suffocation.Sahr adaya College Of Engineering Technology, Kodakara 2Design Of Wastewater Treatment PlantAcids and AlkaliesThe natural buffering system of a water source is exhausted by the discharge of acids and alkalies. Aquatic life is affected by the wide swings in pH as well as the destruction ofbicarbonate alkalinity levels.metallic elementsCertain metals are toxic and affect industrial, agricultural, and municipal users of thewater source. Metals can cause product quality problems for industrial users. Large quantities of discharged salts necessitate expensive removal by downstream industries using the receiving stream for boiler makeup water.The contaminants in wastewater are removed by physical, chemical and biological methods. The ad hoc method are classified as physical unit operations, chemical unit processes and biological unit processes.1.2 social unit Operations and Process in Wastewater TreatmentTABLE 1.1 Operations and Process in Wastewater TreatmentContaminant Unit Operations/ Pr ocesses Classifications hang solidsScreening Sedimentation FloatationFiltrationPhysicalBiodegradable OrganicsActivated Sludge Trickling Filters Rotating biologicContactorsBiologicalPhosphorusLime CoagulationChemicalHeavy Metal Chemical Precipitation ChemicalSahradaya College Of Engineering Technology, Kodakara 3Design Of Wastewater Treatment PlantCHAPTER 2WASTEWATER CHARACTERISTICS2.1 WASTEWATER CHARACTERISTICSTo design a treatment process properly, characterization of wastewater is perhaps the most critical step. Wastewater feature films of importance in the design of a treatment process can be grouped into the following categories Temperature pH Colour and Odour Carbonaceous substrates Nitrogen Phosphorous Chlorides Total and volatile suspended solids (TSS and VSS) Toxic metals and compounds Density Oil turd Alkalinity2.1.1 TemperatureThe temperature of wastewater is commonly higher than that of the local water supply, because of the addition of warm water from household acti vities. As the specific heat of water is much great than that of air, the observed wastewater temperatures are higher than the local air temperatures during most of the course of instruction and are hotter only during the hot trial run summer months. Depending on the location and time of the year the effluent temperatures can either higher or lower than the corresponding influent values.2.1.1.1 Effect of temperatureThe temperature of water is a very important parameter because of its effect on chemical reactions and reaction rates, aquatic life, and the suitability of the water for beneficial purposes. In addition, oxygen is less soluble in warm water than in cold water. The increases in rate of biochemical reactions that accompanies an increase in temperature, combined with the decrease in the measuring stick of oxygen present in surface waters, can often cause serious depletions in dissolved oxygen concentrations in summer months. Optimum temperatures forbacterial activity are in range from 25 to 35oC.Aerobic digestion and nitrification stops whenthe temperature rises to 50oC. When the temperature drops to about 15oC, methane producing bacteria become quite inactive and at about 5oC, the autotrophic nitrifying bacteria practicallySahradaya College Of Engineering Technology, Kodakara 4Design Of Wastewater Treatment Plantcease functioning. At 2oC, even the chemo heterotrophic bacteria acting on carbonaceous material become essentially dormant.2.1.2 pHThe hydrogen ion concentration is an important quantity parameter of both natural waters and wastewaters. The usual means of expressing the hydrogen ion concentration is as pH, which is defined as the minus logarithm of hydrogen ion concentration. The concentration range for the existence of most biological life is quite narrow and critical typically 6 to 9. Wastewater with a extreme concentration of hydrogen ion is difficult to treat by biological means, an if concentration is not motleyed before discharge, the wastewater effluent may alter the concentration in the natural waters. For treated effluents, discharged to the environment the allowed pH range usually varies from 6.5 to 8.5.The pH of fresh domestic waste water is some more than that of the water supply to the community. However, the onset of septic conditions may lower the pH while the presence of industrial wastes may produce extreme fluctuations.2.1.3 odor AND COLOURFresh domestic waste water has slightly soapy and earthy odour and cloudy appearance depending upon its concentration, With the passage of time, the waste water becomes stale, change in colour with a pronounced colour due to microbial activity.2.1.3.1 OdourOdours are usually ca apply by gases produced by the de papers of organic matter or by substances added to the waste water. Fresh wastewater has a distinctive, somewhat disagreeable odour which is less objectionable than the odour of wastewater which has underg unity anaerobic decomposition. The most charac teristic odour of stale or septic wastewater is hydrogen sulfide. Odours have been rated as the foremost concern of public relative to wastewater treatment facilities. deep down the past few years, the control of odour has become major consideration in the design and operation of wastewater collection, treatment and disposal facilities, especially with watch to public acceptance of these facilities.Effect of OdoursThe importance of odours at low concentrations in human terms is related primarily to psychological stress they produce rather than to the harm they do to the body. Offensive odours can cause poor appetite, lower water consumption, impair respiration, nausea and vomiting and mental perturbation. Some odorous compounds are toxic at elevatedconcentrations.Sahradaya College Of Engineering Technology, Kodakara 5Design Of Wastewater Treatment Plant2.1.3.2 ColourHistorically, the term condition was used along with composition and concentration was used to describe waste water . Conditions refer to the age of wastewater, which is determined qualitatively by its colour and odour. Fresh wastewater is usually a light brownish grey colour. However as the travel time in collection system increases, and more anaerobic conditions develop, the color of waste water changes consecutive from grey to inglorious grey and ultimately black . When the color of wastewater is black, the wastewater is described as septic . In most cases the grey , dark grey and black color of wastewater is due to formation of metallic sulphites which form as the sulphide produced under anaerobic conditions react with metals in the wastewater.2.1.4 carbonaceous CONSTITUENTSCarbonaceous constituents are measured by BOD, adopt or TOC analyses. While the BOD has been the common parameter to characterize carbonaceous material in wastewater, gravel is becoming more common in most current comprehensive computer simulation design models.2.1.4.1 Biochemical Oxygen demandThe BOD test gives a mea sure of the oxygen utilized by bacteria during the oxidation of organic material contained in a waste water sample. The test is ground on the premise that all the biodegradable organic material contained in the wastewater sample will be oxidized to CO2 and H2O, using molecular of oxygen as the electron acceptor. Hence, it is a direct measure of oxygen requirements and an indirect measure of biodegradable organic matter.2.1.4.2 Chemical oxygen demandThe COD test is based on the principal that most organic compounds are oxidized to CO2 and H2O by strong oxidizing agents under acid conditions. The measurement represents the oxygen that would be needed for aerobic microbial oxidation, assuming that all organics are biodegradable.2.1.4.3 Total Organic CarbonThe total carbon analyzer allows a total soluble carbon analysis to be made directly on an aqueous sample. In many cases TOC can be correlated with COD and occasionallywith BOD values.Sahradaya College Of Engineering Technology, Ko dakara 6Design Of Wastewater Treatment PlantTable 2.1 Definition of Solids Found in WastewaterTest explanationThe residue remaining after a wastewaterTotal Solids (TS)Total Volatile Solids(TVS)sample has been evaporated and dried at a specified temperature (103-105oC).Those solids that can be volatilized and burned off when the TS are ignited (50050 oC).oTotal Fixed Solids (TFS) The residue that remains after TS are ignited(50050 C).Portion of the TS hold on a filter with a specified pore size, measured after universe dried at a specified temperature (105oC). TheTotal Suspended Solids (TSS)Volatile Suspended Solids (VSS) Settle able Solidsfilter used most commonly for the determination of TSS is Whatman glass fiber filter which has a titulary pore size of about1.58m.Those solids that can be volatilized and burned off when the TSS are ignited (50050 oC).Suspended solids, expressed as mL/L, that will settle out of suspension with in a specified period of time.Sahradaya College Of Engineering Technology, Kodakara 7Design Of Wastewater Treatment PlantCHAPTER 3STAGES OF WASTEWATER handling3.1 STAGES OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT1) Preliminary Treatment removal of wastewater constituents such as rags, sticks, floatable grit and grease that may cause maintenance or operational problems with treatment operations, process and ancillary systems.2) Primary treatment Removal of a peck of suspended solids and organic matter from the wastewater.3) move Primary Enhanced removal of suspended solids and organic matter from the wastewater typically accomplished by chemical addition to wastewater.4) Secondary treatment Removal of biodegradable organic matter (in solution or suspension)5) Secondary with nutrient removal Removal of biodegradable organics, suspended solids and nutrients. (N2, P or both N2 and P).6) Tertiary treatment Removal of residual suspended solids (after secondary treatment)usually by granular medium filtration or micro screens. Disinfection is also typica lly a part of tertiary treatment. Nutrient removal is often included in this definition.7) Advanced Tertiary Removal of dissolved and suspended materials remaining after normal biological treatment when required for various water reuse applications.3.2TREATMENT PROCESS consortSHEETDepending on the contaminants to be removed, an almost limitless number of process combinations can develop using the unit operations and process. The term be given sheet is used to describe particular combinations of unit operations and process used to achieve a specific treatment objective. Apart from the analysis of the technical feasibility of the individual treatment methods, the exact flow-sheets configuration will depend on factors such as (1) the needs of the of the clients needs, (2) the designers past experience, (3) regulatory agency policies on the application of specific treatment methods, (4) the availability of equipment suppliers, (5) what use can be made of existing facilities, (6) the a vailability of qualify operating personnel, (7) initial construction costs and (8) future operation andmaintenance costs.Sahradaya College Of Engineering Technology, Kodakara 8Design Of Wastewater Treatment PlantThe Process incline Sheet proposed in this project for the wastewater treatment is as shown below Figure 3.1 Process watercourse SheetTable 3.1 LEVELS OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT TREATMENT LEVEL DESCRIPTIONRemoval of wastewater constituents Such asPreliminaryrags,sticks, floatables,grit and grease that may cause maintenance or operational problems with the treatment operations.Primary Removal of apportion of the suspended solids and organic matters from wastewater.Enhanced removal of suspended solids andAdvanced Primaryorganic matters from wastewater typically accomplished by chemical addition or filtration.Secondary Removal of biodegradable matters and suspended solidsSecondary with Nutrient removal Removal of biodegradable organics and nutrients.Tertiary Removal of residua l suspended solids usually by granular medium filtration or micro screenSahradaya College Of Engineering Technology, Kodakara 9Design Of Wastewater Treatment PlantCHAPTER 4 books REVIEW4.1 SCREENINGThe first unit operation generally encountered in wastewater is screening. A screen is a device with opening, generally of uniform size, that is used to retain solids found in the influent wastewater to the treatment plant. The principle role of screening is to remove coarse material from the flow stream that could ill-use subsequent process equipment, reduce overall treatment process reliability and effectiveness and contaminate waterways.Fine screens are sometimes used in come forth of or following coarse screens where great removal of solids are required to protect process equipment and eliminate materials that may inhibit the beneficial reuse of bio-solids. entirely aspects of screening, removal, transport and disposal must be considered in the application of screening devices inc luding1. The degree of screening removal required, because of potential effects of downstream processes2. Health and refuge of operators as screenings contain pathogenic organism that attract insects3. Odour potential4. Requirements for handling transport and disposal5. Disposal optionsTwo general types of screens, coarse screens and fine screens are used in preliminary treatment of wastewater. Coarse screens have clear opening ranging from 6 -150mm, Fine screens have openings ranging less than 6mm. Micro screens will generally have screen opening less than 50 m, are used principally in removing fine solids from treated effluents. Bar rack for the removal of coarse solids.4.2 GRIT REMOVALRemoval of grit from wastewater may be accomplished in grit chambers or by the motor(a) separation of solids. Grit chambers are designed to remove grit, consisting of sand, gravels, cinders or other heavy solid materials that have subsiding velocities of specific gravities substantially greater tha n those of the organic putrescible solids in wastewater. Grit chamber are most commonly located after the bar screen and before the primary bank deposit tanks.Sahradaya College Of Engineering Technology, Kodakara 10Design Of Wastewater Treatment PlantLocating grit chamber ahead of wastewater pump when desirable, would involve placing them at broad depth at added expense. It is therefore deem more economical to pump the wastewater, including the grit to grot chamber located at a convenient position ahead of the treatment plant units, recognising that pumps may require greater maintenance.4.2.1 Why Grit is removed? Prevent wear on pumps solicitation in clarifiers Accumulation in aeration tank Accumulation in digesters Clogging of sludge piping4.2.2 TYPES OF GRIT CHAMBERSGrit chambers are provided to (1) Reduce formation of heavy deposits in pipelines, stemmas and conduits (2) reduce the frequency of digester cleaning caused by excessive accumulation of grit (3) Protect moving mech anical equipment from abrasion and accompanying brachydactylic wear.There are three general type of grit chamber Horizontal flow either angulate or square configuration expose or vortex type. The aeration type consists of a spiral flow aeration tank where the spiral swiftness is induced and controlled by the tank dimension in and quantity if air supplied to the unit. The vortex type consists of cylindrical tank, in which the flow enter tangentially vortex flow pattern centrifugal and gravitational forces causes the grit to separate. Design of grit chamber is commonly based on removal of grit particles having aspecific gravity of 2.65 and wastewater temperature 15.5oC. However analysis of gritremoval data indicates the specific gravity ranges from 1.3-2.7. Horizontal Flow Grit ChambersIn the horizontal flow type the flow passes through the chamber in a horizontal direction and the straight line velocity of flow is controlled by the dimension of the unit, an effluent distribution gate and a weir at the effluent end. Rectangular and square Horizontalflow grit chambers have been used for many years.Sahradaya College Of Engineering Technology, Kodakara 11Design Of Wastewater Treatment PlantTypical Design Information for Horizontal Flow Grit ChamberTable 4.1ItemDetention timeHorizontal velocitySettling velocity for removal of .21mm materialSettling velocity for removal of .15mm materialSIUnitRangeTypicals45-9060m/s.25-.4.3m/min1-1.31.15m/min.6-.9.75%30-4036%25-5030Head loss in a control section as % depth in channelAdded length allowance for inlet and outlet turbulenceHorizontal- Velocity Grit ChambersThey are controlled by either a Parshall flume Proportional weirParshall green goddess is used more widely due to less head loss than the weir. The flume and weir are also used to measure flow rates. In the chamber, a constant horizontal velocities is maintained by proper cross-sectional geometry of the chamber. Horizontal velocity must be adequate to keep the or ganic matter in suspension. Horizontal velocities should be sufficient so as to prevent scouring of settled grit along the bottom of the channel. Values of .23-.38m/s are common.4.3 FLOW EQUALIZATIONProcess for water treatment works best with uniform conditions. Shock to the bioprocesses in the form of sudden change in the concentration of nutrients can upsets. If the concentrations or flow rates of the waste vary greatly, dosages for treatment must be constantly be readjusted. Flow equalization is a method used to overcome the operational problems caused by flow rate variation, to improve the performance of downstream process, and to reduce the size and cost of t downstream treatment facilities.Flow equalisation is damping of flow rate variations to achieve a constant or nearly constant flow rate and can be applied in a number of different situations depending on characteristics of collection system. There may be aeration both to keep the peregrine frombecoming anaerobic and smell y and to biodegrade some of the organic compound present.Sahradaya College Of Engineering Technology, Kodakara 12Design Of Wastewater Treatment PlantThe principle applications are for the equalisation of1. Dry weather flow to reduce the peak flow and loads.2. Wet weather flow in sanitary collection systems experiencing inflow and infiltration.3. Combined storm water and sanitary system flows.In the line arrangement all of flow passes through equalisation basin. This arrangement can be used to achieve considerable amount of concentration and limits its turn into equalisation basin. Although the pumping requirements are reduced in this arrangement, the amount of constituents concentration damping is considerably reduced.The principle benefits that are cited as derived from application of flow equalisation are1. Biological treatment is enhanced, because shock loadings are eliminated or minimised, inhibiting substances can be diluted and pH can be stabilised.2. The effluent quality an d thickening performance of secondary sediment tankfollowing biological treatment is improve consistency in solid loading.3. Effluent filtration surface area requirements are reduced, filtered performance is improved and more uniform filter back wash cycles are possible by lower hydraulic loading.4. In chemical treatment, damping of mass loading improves chemical feed control and process reliability.5. Often the rest of the plant designed with a smaller equipment( less capital investment) because of this improvement in performance.Disadvantage of flow equalisation include Relatively large land areas are required. Equalisation facilities may have to be covered for odour control near residential area. Additional operation and maintenance required Capital cost is increased.4.4 PRIMARY SEDIMENTATIONThe objective of treatment by sedimentation is to remove readily settle able solids and floating materials and thus reduce the suspended solids content. Primary sedimentation is used as a pr eliminary step in the further bear on of the waste water. Efficiently designed and operated primary sedimentation tanks should remove from 50-70% of the suspended solids and from 25-40% of the BOD.Sedimentation tanks have also been used as storm water computer storage tanks which are designed to provide a moderate cargo area period (10-30mins) for overflows from either combined sewers and storms sewers. The purpose of sedimentation is to remove a substantial portion of organic solids that otherwise would be discharged directly to the receiving waters. Sedimentation tanks have also beenused to provide detention periods sufficient for effective disinfection of such overflows.Sahradaya College Of Engineering Technology, Kodakara 13Design Of Wastewater Treatment Plant4.4.1DESCRIPTIONAlmost all treatment plants are mechanically cleaned sedimentation tanks of standardized circular or rectangular design. The selection of the type of sedimentation unit for a given application is governe d by the size of the installation, by rules and regulations of local control authorities, by local turn up conditions and by the experience and judgment of the engineer. Two or more tanks have to be provided so that the process may remain in operation when one tank is out of service for maintenance and repair work.RECTANGULAR ice chestSRectangular sedimentation tanks may use either chain and flight solids collectors or travelling bridge type collectors. The solids settling in the tank are scraped solids hoppers in small tanks and transfers troughs in large tanks. In every long unit cardinal collection mechanisms can be used to scrape solids to collection points near the middle of the tank length. Where possible, it is desirable to locate solids pumping facilities close to the collection hoppers.4.4.2 SEDIMENTATION TANK PERFORMANCEThe efficiency of sedimentation basins with respect to removal of BOD and TSS is reduced by1. Eddy currents formed by inertia of incoming fluid2. Wind induced circulation cells formed in uncovered tanks3. Thermal convection currentsBOD AND TSS REMOVAL R=WhereR expected removal efficiency t- detention timea, b empirical constants4.4.3 DETENTION TIMEThe bulk of finely divided solids reaching primary sedimentation tanks is incompletely flocculated but is susceptible to flocculation. Flocculation is aid by eddying motion of the fluid within tanks and proceeds through the coalescence of fine particles at a rate that is a function of their concentration and of the natural ability of the particles to coalesce upon collision. Coalescence of a suspension of solids becomes more complete as time elapses, thus detention time is a consideration in the design of sedimentation tank. Normally primary sedimentation tanks are designed, to provide 1.5-2.5hrs of detention basedon the average rate of waste water.Sahradaya College Of Engineering Technology, Kodakara 14Design Of Wastewater Treatment Plant4.4.4 SCOUR VELOCITYTo avoid the resuspension or stirring of resuspended particles horizontal velocity through the tank should be unplowed considerably low. The following equation gives criticalvelocity.( )VH= Where VH Horizontal velocity that will just produce scour, LT-1 (m/s)K Constant that depends on type of material being scoured s Specific Gravit