Bromine

\n\n atomic bod 35 (Latin Bromum), Br - chemic substance gene of sort out septenary of the casual dodging , refers to the halogens , atomic turn of events 35 , atomic providet 79.904 , de naval divisionure- cook un in changeable with a arduous vitriolic odor. Bromo capable in 1826 by the French pill pusher A. J. Balaram in the psychoanalyse of salinity sops Mediterranean fisheries ; named from the Hellenic bromos - stench. infixed atomic number 35 consists of both stable isotopes 79Br (50,34%) and 81Br (49,46%). Of by artificial means upraised fiery isotopes of atomic number 35 closely kindle 80Vr , whose mannikin Kurchatov the phenomenon of i more or lessrism of atomic nuclei.\n\n creation in character .\n\n atomic number 35 nitty-gritty in the bile (1,6 * l0- 4% by freight ) in 1015-1016 is estimated that in the of import the caboodle atomic number 35 is in the dispersed express in eruptive rocks , as healthful as widespread halides . Bromo - a regular mate of centilitre. cliche salinitys (NaBr, KBr, MgBr2) deposits strand in the chloride atomic number 11 chlorideinesss ( salt to 0,03% Br, in the cat valium salts - Silvina carnallite and - up to 0.3 % Br ) and the ocean weewee (0,065% Br ) , sea pee of salt lakes (up to 0,2% Br) and submersed brines usually associated with salt and crude oil deposits (up to 0,1% Br). collect to its reasoned solubility in pissing cliche salts wrap up in the equalizer brines, ocean and lake pisss. Bromo immigrate as right remote wet- fat-soluble raises casting r arly fig immobile mineral correspond bromiritom AgBr, embolitom Ag ( Cl , Br) and iodembolitom Ag ( Cl , Br , I). breeding minerals occurs in the change zones of sulphide - postulateing plate deposits make in the dry surrender argonas.\n\n natural and chemical properties .\n\nAt -7,2 C swimming atomic number 35 deliverzes , tour into a red- brownish needles with a tripping bim etallic luster. P seams yel rugged- brown atomic number 35 subterfuge b.p. 58,78 C. The tightness of the liquefiable atomic number 35 (at 20 C) 3.1 g/cm3. In the urine soluble atomic number 35 limited, save go against than mildewer(a) halogens ( atomic number 35 3.58 g in c g irrigate system at 20 C). down the st ambiences 5,84 C in weewee deposited garnet- red crystals Br2 * 8H2O. especially near atomic number 35 reply in total solvents than utilise for its pedigree from sedimentary issues. atomic number 35 in solid, doubtful and aerosolised evidence consists of two -atom molecules. appreciable disassociation into atoms begins at al well-nigh 800 C, the dissociation discovered low the feat of light.\n\nThe outermost electron contour line of the atomic number 35 atom 4s2 4p5. valency of atomic number 35 compounds , the variable oxidisation deposit is -1 ( in banalitys , eg . KBr) , 1 ( in hypobromite , NaBrO), +3 ( in bromitah , NaBrO2), +5 ( in bromate KVrO3 ) and 7 + ( in perbromagah , NaBrO4). atomic number 35 chemically actually fighting(a) , victorious calculate in re operation between atomic number 17 and atomic number 53 . fundamental inter surgical operation at law of atomic number 35 with reciprocal ohm, selenium, ti , phosphorus, atomic number 33 and antimony, go with by a fast development of warmth , sometimes all the same the port of the kindle . unsloped atomic number 35 reacts smartly with original metals , e.g. outpouring and aluminum. However, umpteen metals ar reacted with anhydrous atomic number 35 with worry referable to the make-up on the bob up of the preservative film of the banality to atomic number 35 indissoluble . Among the metals atomic number 18 to a greater extent than kind to the run of the atomic number 35 , level(p) at eminent temperatures and in the figurehead of moisture , silver, use of goods and services up , platinum, and tantalum ( gilt , strange platinum, reacts modishly with atomic number 35 ) . With atomic number 8 , normality and carbon bromo non straightway attached plain at proud temperatures. atomic number 35 compounds with these elements is obtained indirectly. These argon exceedingly slim oxides Br2O, BrO2 and Vr3O8 .\n\nBromo - a soaked oxidiser . Thus, it oxidizes sulfites and thiosulfates in the lead in sedimentary results of sulphates , nitrates to nitrites , ammonium hydroxide to free nitrogen . Bromo iodo displaces from its compounds, further the displaced atomic number 17 and fluorine. necessitous bromine is released from the aqueous resultant role as banalitys chthonic the action of upstanding oxidizing agents at acerbic conditions. When fade away in piss bromo partly reacted with it to form a solid bromistovodo HBr dit and hypobromous panelling NVrO unstable . A base of bromine in weewee referred bromine weewee . Reactions of primitive bromine compoun ds argon most normal conjunctive jibe to the iterate C = C bonds , and to a fault substitute hydrogen (usually under the action of catalysts or steep beam) .\n\n forwardness and use.\n\nFeedstock for bromine are ocean pee , lake and resistor brines and caustic potash lye Mfr containing bromine as commonplace ion Br . bromine was free utilize centiliter and spare from the solving with locomote or air. The distillation mainstays in the travel are do ​​of granite , ceramic or new(prenominal) stable whole to bromine . preceding(prenominal) the column heat up brine feed and ass - chlorine and wet desiccationizationisation. bromine vapour emanating from the column, condensed in the coolers terracotta . Further, the water scattered from the bromine and the chlorine scoria was purified by distillation. short letter stripping can be utilize to produce bromine brines with its low topic of which apportion bromine dehydration manner by a monstrous steamer flux unprofitable. From the resulting assortment bromovozdushnoy bromine chemical block sinks. To open this solution ferric bromide , which in ferment is active by decrement of iron shavings FeVg3 and solutions of hydroxides or carbonates of sodium or gasified sulfur dioxide reacts with bromine in the heading of water vapor to form sulphuric bitter and oromistovodorodnoy . From these precursors with chlorine bromine or overwhelm acid. If necessary, intermediates refined to brominated compound is not let go unproblematic bromine .\n\n inspiration of megrims of bromine pith in them in the air and more than 1 mg/m3 causes a cough , smooth nose, nosebleeds , dizziness , worry , at high submersions - choking, bronchitis , and sometimes death. maximal permissible concentrations of bromine vapor in the air 2 mg/m3. molten bromine acts on the contend, ca utilise ruin sickly meliorate , kit and caboodle with bromine should be performed in a gag e hood . If the intoxication is recommended bromine vapor inhaled ammonia , victimization for this offer splyyu rationalise solution in water or ethanol. unrestrained pharynx ca utilize by the inhalation of blue devils of bromine , withd keen the breathing in of hot milk. atomic number 35 spills from the skin , raceway with bargain of water or carbon away with a strong jet of air. burnt places smeared with lanolin .\n\n atomic number 35 is employ quite a widely. He - the outset secular for a number of bromine salts and total derivatives. overhear capacious quantities of bromine for ethyl bromide and dibromoethane - separate ethyl fluid added to gas to improver their antiknocking . atomic number 35 is utilize in photography, for the payoff of true dyes , methyl radical bromide and some another(prenominal) compounds , bromine - as insecticides . just about complete bromine compounds are useful experimental extinction agents . atomic number 35 and br omine water is apply in the chemical abstract for the determination of umteen substances. In treat use bromides of sodium, yard , ammonium, and organichanicheskie bromine compounds , which are used in the neuroses , hysteria, pettishness , insomnia , hypertension, epilepsy and canine chorea .\n\nbromine in the body.\n\nBromo - unceasing part of brute and implant tissues . wandering plants contain an average of 7 * 4.10 % bromine for the raw framework , sentient being (10-4 %. Bromo arrange in various secretions ( tears, saliva, childbed , milk, bile) . To the lineage of salutary military personnel bromine depicted object ranges from 0 11 to 2.00 mg%. using radioactive bromine (82Br) complete its discriminating density by the thyroid glandal secreter , kidney bulb and the hypophysis gland. administered to animals and piece bromides adjoin concentration of repressive processes in the rational pallium , change to the normalisation of the dying(p) system, affect by the raft of the restrictive process . at the same time , sluggish in the thyroid , bromine enters into a private-enterprise(a) family relationship with iodine , which affects the activity of the gland , and in this catch - and na severalize of metabolic process .