Johann Friedrich Blumenbach :: Essays Papers

Johann Friedrich BlumenbachMay 11, 1752-January 22, 1840 Born in Gotha, Germany in 1752, Blumenbach went on to Jena to tuition medicine. He completed his doctoral training at Gottingen in 1775. Just a year later, he was appointed as an unmatched professor of medicine. His study of the history of man showing the value of apply comparative anatomy and his classification of the five varieties of man were two great ploughshares made by Blumenbach (1911 Edition). He wasted no time in becoming one of the most influential members of the fields of comparative anatomy, zoology, physiology, anthropology, and craniology, in fact, Blumenbach is considered to be the founder of anthropology as well as craniology. In his edifice of this new field of physical anthropology, he used the methods of natural historians, and use those methods to the human species (Keith 106). Objectifying the study of mankind, Blumenbach collected numerous specimens from various races. Skulls, ski n, hair and pictures were among the items collected. From distributively item, the location, as well as race of the item, was known and recorded. Prior to Blumenbachs systematized miscellanea of specimens, the only collections consisted of miscellaneous oddities preserved in the cabinets of noble houses, for the idle pastime of the curious. (Keith, 106). Blumenbach s more complete collection allowed intensive study into the racial history of mankind, which is just what he wanted to do. Blumenbach was also the first to study the actual form of skulls (Retzius 283). The book, On the Natural Variety of Mankind, was Blumenbachs main contribution to the field of anthropology and comparative anatomy. In this book he discusses the chief varieties of mankind, the causes of degeneration, the differences among man and other animals, the differences, and causes of differences, between varieties of man, and various other issues related to the actual varieties of the specie s of man. Blumenbach asserts that climate is an important contributing factor in racial differences. In fact, he states specifically, climate is the principal cause of the racial face, (Blumenbach 229). Diet and customs duty were also important contributions, according to Blumenbach. He even went so farther as to say that the Ethiopians flattened facial features were caused by the practice of mothers carrying their infants on their backs while working, and thus pressing the infants face into the mothers backs (Schiebinger 393).