Triangular Structure in James Joyces Dubliners Essay -- James Joyce D

Triangular Structure in James Joyces Dubliners Within the body of literary criticism that surrounds James Joyces Dubliners is a disposition to preclude analysis beyond an Irish level, beyond Joyces own intent to create the uncreated conscience of his race. However, in order to place the text within an fitly expansive context, it seems necessary to examine the implications of the volumes predominant thematic elements within the broader scope of human nature. The psychic drama which places Dubliners within a three-tiered psychological framework desire, repression, agression lies at the root of a larger triangular structure that pervades many of our most fundamental belief systems and deportment processes. This structure forms the basis for the tenets of some of the most larger-than-life attempts at a definition of the subprogram and origin of humanity, from the holy trinity of Catholicism to Freuds theory of id, ego, and superego. Dubliners, in its own perhaps less ambitious roc king horse of a certain significance of life, embodies and exemplifies similarly triangular frameworks. They are arranged concentrically, relating to both content and structure and radiating out from that central psychological triangle desire, repression, aggression. It is this structural mechanism, prevalent throughout the volume, which reveals the philosophical implications of Dubliners and places it within a broader interpretive context. While it is clear that this psychic drama manifests in its entirety in approximately every individual story in the volume, perhaps more important when viewing Dubliners from a broader perspective is the notion that the three elements of this drama seem to rule respectively within the three life stages which form the org... ...ugh a connection such as Walzl makes between ancient interpretive theory and the text of Dubliners, it becomes bare that the previously described triangular frameworks present in the volume serve to connect it to a cer tain tradition of philosophy and psychology which attempts to derive the purpose and the intrinsic driving forces of human life and behavior. Numerous examples of these triangular theories exist throughout the history of thought traditional notions of past, present, and future Freuds theory of id, ego, and superego Lacans division of life into what is real, imaginary, and symbolic Barthes idea of sign, signifier, and signified just to name a few. It is debatable whether or not Joyces structural decisions had any conscious relationship to this tradition of three-level thought, that the implications are present regardless of his intentions.

The Death Penalty :: essays papers

The Death PenaltyAn eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth. This is an other(a) way for someone to prescribe they are supportive of the terminal punishment. The death penalty, to me, is revenge. It kills innocent citizenry every year. Many of the families of victims do not want the criminals to be put to death. The death penalty costs more than a life sentence in jail. It is besides racists. Since 1976, there have been five hundred twenty-three executions in the United States, twenty-three in 1999 alone. There was only xi before 1984. Then the number rose to twenty-one that year. The number of execution stayed around twenty then dropped to eleven in 1988. Then it steadily rose from there to seventy-four executions in 1997. That was the highest since 1976.(Death Penalty Information Center, P.1)There are many different methods of execution utilise by the government. The most common is lethal injection used by thirty-four states. Electrocution is another method, which i s used by ten states. The gas bedchamber is used in five states. There are still two states today that use hanging as a method of execution. And two other states use a firing squad. The death penalty is also extremely racist. There have been significantly more executions of minorities than white Americans. Capital punishment also goes against the Constitution of the United States. Amendments eight and fourteen state that no cruel and unusual punishment can be inflicted, and no state can uncase any person of life liberty or property. The death penalty clearly takes these privileges away from American citizens. more than 2000 people are on death row today. Virtually all are poor, a significant number are mentally retarded or other wise mentally disabled. More than forty percent are African American and disproportionate numbers are Native American, Latino, and Asian. (American Civil Liberties Union) It does not seem fair that only these people are dying. The Constitutio n states that everyone should be given a fair trial. These statistics do not prove to me that these people had a fair trial.Everybody makes mistakes. If a jury makes a mistake and a person is falsely accused of murder when they find out they messed up they want to take the

Free Essays - Importance of Feste in Twelfth Night :: Twelfth Night essays

Importance of Feste in Twelfth dark     Feste, the amusing clown, plays a most important part in the play. He is able to take on several roles, and is indeed for all waters from serious to comic, learned to nonsensical, the wit or the practical joker besides as the occasion seems to suggest. Because he is a part of both the main and sub plot, Feste is the character, who links both parts of the play together, making Twelfth Night a whole.   The clown contributes towards the humourous entertainment of this play through his numerous puns and jokes. He is a source of laughter, not because we are humoured by his foolery for he proves to be no fool at all but rather because he amuses us with his brilliant wit. Having mastered the art of jesting, Feste is sensitive of his profession, always informed of the circumstances he is in and the appropriateness of this folly.   Feste is able to prevent any delusions of grandeur by a reminder that foolishness is a co ndition cat valium to all mankind whether one is king or servant. It is Malvolios vanity that convinces Feste to take part in the joke played on the steward. As Sir Topas, and Malvolios prosecutor Feste attempt to help Malvolio realize that there was no darkness but ignorance.   With Festes help, we are able to attain a better understanding of the other characters in the play- bring out their true personalities, which are sometimes unseen, not only by us, the audience, but also by the characters themselves. He shows Olivia how unrealistic and excessive her mourning for her brothers death has been, he tells Orsino how foolish he is for languishing in a mood of love-sick melancholy for Olivia and points out how mercurial his personality is, and he makes a fool out of the pompous Malvolio. Foolery, sir, does straits about the orb like the sun- it shines everywhere says Feste.   Feste, however, never takes sides with any of the characters, and in this way, he be comes a kind of commentator for the play. He is able to examine the characters, uncover the bare truth about them and he unites the main and sub-plot in a similar way.

How Various Mechanisms By Which Substances Cross The Cell Me :: essays research papers

Homeostasis is essential to the electric cell&8217s survival. The cell tissue layer iscreditworthy for homeostasis. The membrane has a selective permeabilitywhich means what moves in and out of the cell is regulated. Aminoacids, sugars, oxygen, sodium, and potassium ar examples of substancesthat enter the cell. Waste products and carbon dioxide are removed fromthe cell. All of these substances cross the membrane in a variety ofways. From scattering and osmosis, to active conveyancing the trafficthrough the cell membrane is regulated. airing is the movement of molecules form one area of higher engrossment to an area of cut concentration. Concentration gradientcauses the molecules to move from higher concentration to a humiliateconcentration. The side of the membrane that has the higherconcentration is said to have the concentration gradient. It drives diffusion because substances always move down their concentrationgradient. The pressure gradient as well plays a role in diffus ion. Wherethis is a pressure gradient there is cause of molecules. The pressuregradient is a difference in pressure between two divergent points. Ifthe concentration of one side of the membrane is greater than themolecules pull up stakes travel from the higher to lower concentration. Eventually there will be a dynamic equilibrium and there will be no bring inmovement of molecules from one side to the other.Osmosis is the diffusion of peeing. Like diffusion, the water movesfrom a region of higher water potential to a region of lower waterpotential. Solutions have three different stages that the solutes canbe classified in isotonic, hypertonic, and hypotonic. Isotonic is whenthe roots have equal amounts of solutes. Like equilibrium, there isno net transfer in the amount of water in either solution. When thesolutions have different concentration of solutes and so the one with lesssolute is hypotonic and the one with more solute is hypertonic. hypotonic takes in the solute from t he hypertonic side that gives awaythe solute. There will be a net movement in these types of solution. The molecules will move from the hypotonic solution into the hypertonicsolution. The third way a substance can cross the cell membrane is throughfacilitated diffusion. This occurs when special carrier proteins carrysolutes dissolved in the water across the membrane by using activetransport. When the concentration gradient can not allow travel fromone side of the membrane to the other fast enough for the cell&8217snutritional needs, then facilitated diffusion is used. The transportprotein is specialized for the solute it is carrying, just as enzymesare specialized for their substrate. The transport protein can beHow Various Mechanisms By Which Substances Cross The Cell Me essays research papers Homeostasis is essential to the cell&8217s survival. The cell membrane isresponsible for homeostasis. The membrane has a selective permeabilitywhich means what moves in and out of the cel l is regulated. Aminoacids, sugars, oxygen, sodium, and potassium are examples of substancesthat enter the cell. Waste products and carbon dioxide are removed fromthe cell. All of these substances cross the membrane in a variety ofways. From diffusion and osmosis, to active transport the trafficthrough the cell membrane is regulated.Diffusion is the movement of molecules form one area of higherconcentration to an area of lower concentration. Concentration gradientcauses the molecules to move from higher concentration to a lowerconcentration. The side of the membrane that has the higherconcentration is said to have the concentration gradient. It drivesdiffusion because substances always move down their concentrationgradient. The pressure gradient also plays a role in diffusion. Wherethis is a pressure gradient there is motion of molecules. The pressuregradient is a difference in pressure between two different points. Ifthe concentration of one side of the membrane is greater than the molecules will travel from the higher to lower concentration. Eventually there will be a dynamic equilibrium and there will be no netmovement of molecules from one side to the other.Osmosis is the diffusion of water. Like diffusion, the water movesfrom a region of higher water potential to a region of lower waterpotential. Solutions have three different stages that the solutes canbe classified in isotonic, hypertonic, and hypotonic. Isotonic is whenthe solutions have equal amounts of solutes. Like equilibrium, there isno net change in the amount of water in either solution. When thesolutions have different concentration of solutes then the one with lesssolute is hypotonic and the one with more solute is hypertonic. Hypotonic takes in the solute from the hypertonic side that gives awaythe solute. There will be a net movement in these types of solution. The molecules will move from the hypotonic solution into the hypertonicsolution. The third way a substance can cross the cell membran e is throughfacilitated diffusion. This occurs when special carrier proteins carrysolutes dissolved in the water across the membrane by using activetransport. When the concentration gradient can not allow travel fromone side of the membrane to the other fast enough for the cell&8217snutritional needs, then facilitated diffusion is used. The transportprotein is specialized for the solute it is carrying, just as enzymesare specialized for their substrate. The transport protein can be

The Columbian Exchange: Between the Old World and New World Essay

The Columbian Exchange is a global exchange of goods and ideas between the Old World (Europe, Asia and Africa) and the New World (America). When Columbus first discovered America, Spain wanted to set up colonies. Columbus found some people that he named Indians. They colonies started to trade with each other, and by doing do, they started the Columbian Exchange. Many countries were involved in this trade, including China, Africa and Italy. This exchange of new ideas, traditions, food, religion and diet changed cultures everywhere. The Native Americans gave and received many items. virtuoso of the most important items that the Indians received was horses. Before horses, Indians had no way of carrying heavy loads from place to place. When the Europeans arrived in America, they gave them th...

The Internets Accuracy and Usefullness :: Internet Research Papers

The Internets Accuracy and UsefullnessThe following 15 weave sites that I appoint on the Internet about the topic Teenage Drinking and Driving were tending(p) a rating between 1-5, with 1 being the lowest and 5 being the highest. I have listed these carve ups in order with statistics being first, then prevention, and finally why teenagers drink and drive. Plus, I have an article and a book that I found on this topic. The discipline that I found on these web sites could be useful in writing a research paper, but I ask this question to myself Can I find this data and learning somewhere else? In my judgement when any champion is doing a research paper you can find the same data you find on the Internet in a book, magazine, or newspaper article. Although, I think that the Internet isnt very helpful in writing a research paper, some sites do have devout data, but you just have to know how to find a good site. The web sites dealing with statistics were given a rate of 4 because I f ound them to be accurate sites for teenage alcohol addiction and driving, but you could find these sites in a book or article. The reason that I did not give them a 5 is because I did not feel that they were unique, and that you could not find them in another place. For example, in the web site called Teenage Drunk Driving go to bed the Facts This web site gave a lot of statistics on teenage drinking and driving, and how serious a problem it is in that specific age group (www.fugitive.com/is18.html). other site that gave a lot of statistics was the site called What the Research says about Youth and Drinking and Driving and Ways to Apply Research. This site gives statistics on teenage drinking and driving too, but it also talks about laws that should be passed in order to come down harder on DUIs because of the deaths that occur with these accidents (www.ncadd.com/tsra/abstracts/youth.html). The web sites in this paragraph also deal with statistics and was given a rating of 3. Alt hough, these web sites were less accurate than the 4s, I would probably use some of these. The first one comes from the California Office of Traffic Safety, gives statistics about Teenage Drinking and Driving in California (www.ots.ca.gov/campaign/3d98impaired.html) Next was the site from the Arizona Department of Safety, gives information on statistics of drinking and driving in Arizona compared to other states (www.

Creating a Plan of Positive Influence

When creating a plan for positive influence leaderships must focus on an array of characteristics of the employee. Organizational culture is important to the success of the employees and the company. ABC revenue enhancement supply Company wants to engage its staff in creating new revenue streams for the company. The company must identify traits demonstrated by employees to help create a profile of how individuals argon motivated and open to improving his or her performance in the workplace. Research has shown there are several methods to induce motivation, performance, and job felicity (Yukl, 2006).This is a description on a plan identifying the implementation strategies to create, engage, and sustain employee in the workplace. The methods employers use to engage employees concentrate on attitudes, emotions, personalities, and values of individuals. In addition, the vastness of diverse port and the influence it has on team collaboration and cohesion in the workplace is addressed . Objective ABC assess Preparation Company is a small company attempting to expand its business through the implementation of new products and services.The company has a very small budget so it is important to maximise efforts to stay within the specified budget. The objective is to create a plan to influence employees to generate ideas on how to growth the company with new products and services. ABC revenue Preparation believes by engaging all employees to get involved in the brainstorming process will help the company with its goals and stay within budget. Providing employees with incentives persuades employees to go above and beyond to contraryiate performance levels from its competitors (Love 2 rewards,2013).Outline of the Plan ABC Tax Preparation Company creates a profile of all employees to envision individual motivators, skills, creativity, strengths, and weaknesses. This is accomplished thought a series of test and skill determining exercises. First, the company impleme nts motivational exercises and incentive to ramp up moral within the company. developing employee excitement to accept change and learning new task is a dynamic process important to moving a company in a positive direction.The next phase is getting to know the employees by determining his or her stressors, stimulators, and how individual measure success (Bass, 1990). The individuals attitude, beliefs, experiences, ethics, and values are evaluated to determine if he or she align with the companys visions and goals. Once these factors are determined, the company trains employees on conflict resolution and problem-solving techniques to help in the raising process. This type of training is important because knowing how to deal with problems helps individuals to learn to deal with situations and create alternative solutions to solve issues.After employees are educated on techniques and former(a) skills the company allows the creative process to occur and wait for the positive feedback . Once feedback is rendered the company will select the best ideas and start the implementation process to build new revenue streams for the company. How differences influence Behavior Diverse workforces interact with leaders, management, and subordinate in a distinctive way. Individuals coming from diverse backgrounds and cultures respond to direction and commands different from individuals in a familiar setting.Behavior has a direct effect on the way people perceive things and how different personality traits play a role on the performance of the individual (Robbins & Judge, 2007). Understanding and recognizing the relationship between variables influences behavior and aids in creating productive and motivated employees. ABC Tax Preparation Company employs a multicultural staff therefore there are different languages, beliefs, customs, and ideas management must consider when make decision.Leadership has to take into good will when selecting holidays and other(a) factors that all parties are represented equally. If employees do not feel, they are treated like the majority than the company is open for potential legal issues as a result. How plan influences positive change Motivation is a key component to creating an environment offering optimization of performance in the workplace. Change mountain be difficult for companies some employees embrace change and others fear change. Developing a plan to influences positive change requires understanding, educating, and motivating the employee.Brainstorming allows the employees to highlight creativity, education, and other skill-sets that will develop growth for the individual. Encouraging employees to engage in business activities builds moral and creates a collaborative work environment. Productivity is generated when employees are working unneurotic to achieve the same goals and objectives. Setting examples to show employees everyone is important and involved in the developmentally stages of the process give te am-members a sense of worth, thus producing positive results.making the employee understand the behavior presented determines the level of growth him or her may experience. Positive attitude can dive the individual faster than negative or unsure attitude. Conclusion ABC tax Preparation Company chooses to prioritize the engagement of its employees to aid in the implementation of a new revenue source for the company. Creating a plan to influence its employees to experience positive attitude toward changes is imperative to the process. A clear objective is outlined to determine what is needed to reach the goals of the company.ABC Tax Preparation Company outlines the details of the plan as proves motivated employees are productive employees when leadership creates cohesion in the workplace. Diversity in the workplace influences behavior by allowing individuals to express themselves and collaborated among each other to create innovative products and services for the company. The Initiat ion of a plan produces positive results for the company by setting a blueprint of how the company will use new ideas to generate new revenue streams for the company.

ACC 290 Financial Statements Essay

Financial statements are a means of communicating numbers within a lineage. Without proper numbers your business could be a success or a big failure. You will rely on them to make decisions, and managers will use them to evaluate your performance. That is true whether your melodic phrase involves marketing, production, management, or information systems (Kimmel, 2009). The financial statements shows the business financial standpoint at a given time period, and it also helps the business to understand what they need to do to improve.A partnerships livelihood depends greatly on their financial statement because it determines if the business is successful, can it study new employees, or can it take on any more extra loans. A financial standpoint of the association is monitored by its financial statements. The four basic financial statements are retained scratch statement, balance sheet, income statement, and statement of cash flow. During a certain time period presenting a snap shot of what your business owns (its assets) and what it owes (its liabilities), you prepare a balance sheet.To show how successfully your business performed during a period of time, you report its revenues and expenses in an income statement (Kimmel, 2009). Specifying how much of prior income was dispersed to you and the other owners of your business in the form of dividends and how much was speechless in the business to allow for future growth a retained earnings statement is presented. Showing where your business obtained cash during period of time you would prompt a statement of cash flow.The purpose of balance sheet it to show the amount of assets a company has obtained by evaluating the claims of creditors and the claims of owners. This type of relationship can be shown in an equation assets equal liabilities plus stockholders equity. A company success or failure is monitored by its income statement because it shows a companys revenue monitored by its expenses. The net inco me is obtained through the income statement by deducting its expenses from its revenues. The retained earnings statements are different because retained earnings are the net income retained in the corporation.Dividend payment practices are assessed because the amount of the retained earnings statements is deducted or added by the companys dividends. The statement of cash flow shows the company in operation(p), investing, and financing doings. It shows the company cash position and what is happening to its most important source. Managers use financial statements for several purposes. If a company needs to meet labor demands and need to hire new employees the financial statements helps in jockeying how many employees they can afford to hire.On the income statement, management compares sales and expenses of a period of time with recent events to receive if there is a big change. They can identify likely problems and investigate the cause however, they can regulate if they can afford new equipment, merchandise, and other operating expenses. Using the balance sheet managers can determine if a change applied helped the company or delayed it. Employees look at financial statements to know if the company is managing their money well and can meet payroll obligations.Employees also can gain knowledge of potential bonuses or layoffs based of the net income that is describe on the income statement. Financial statements are useful to investors and creditors because it shows the companys financial position and allows them to make better decisions concerning the company. For the investors and creditors financial statements helps to evaluate the risks related to the possible enthronement or loans issued as well as estimate returns from the money invested.Investors and creditors analyzes companys financial position, operational results, cash generated by different activities before do investment decisions. If the company owes more than it owns than creditors may not allo w that company to receive additional loans. To investors it shows if the company is operating profitably. Financial statements are vital to the success of a business. They can be used as a roadmap to direct you in the correct direction and help you avoid costly failures.Maintaining financial statements for a company can only help a company. Improper financial statements put a company in jeopardy. The different statements show if a company can afford to hire new employees or if they need to do some lay-offs. To determine if a company can be approved for additional loans or if it is expected to fail you must rely on the financial statements. In general financial shows the financial standpoint of a company and decisions a company has to make cannot be made if there are no financial statements.

Discuss the Marketing Environment Essay

The merchandise environment consists of a complex set of interacting forces and influences outside the merchandising de exposement of an organization. The Marketing Environment affects the organizations ability to build and brinytain mutually beneficial relationships with its target customers. Through continuous monitoring its Marketing Environment a union must be able to anticipate change and act in a pro active way or else than leaving it to a reactive reaction. It must also keep up to date by realizing any effective changing forces. It does this by monitoring thrum i.e. Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats. Obviously wanting to maximize on Strengths and Opportunities and eliminate Weaknesses and Threats. Marketers must office trade intelligence and foodstuff research when monitoring the Marketing Environment.The Marketing Environment stand be divided into two main categories the Micro and the macro Environment.The Micro EnvironmentThis can also be divided. Int ernal Environment and Forces finishing to the organization.The Internal Environment. This consists of Top Management and Other departments.The Top management is responsible for setting the organizations overall mission, objectives, strategies and policies to guide all the organizations departments and employees. The success of the company is dependant on the competence of the Top managers.Other departments must co-ordinate their efforts as to maximize potential and avoid conflicts. The smoother the departments work together the better the overall result is going to be. All employees should realize the importance of being market-orientated and of delivering customer satisfaction.Forces close to the organization. This consists of Competitors, MarketingIntermediaries, Suppliers of resources, Customers and Publics.Competitors must offer superior value & satisfaction than their competitors and make it wide known throughout the target market. Companies must make an effort to attract the ir target customers and retain them by delivering customer satisfaction. These companies must watch their competitors closely as to retain their market sh ar and maybe win some of the competitors market sh atomic number 18.Marketing Intermediaries These are firms that assist the company hiring them to promote, sell and swag its products to target customers. Resellers pass on help find target customers or sell to them. Transportation firms help companies stock and transport goods. Agencies providing marketing services are marketing research agencies, advertising agencies, and marketing consulting firms. Financial intermediaries are organizations that will sell financial services to companies.Suppliers of resources A company must be very wakeful as to watch for any changes (shortages, delays, labour strikes etc) as they are damaging to the companies sales and reputation. The organization is as efficient as its suppliers.Customers Firstly a company must identify its target market. Then go the right 4Ps to build long term customer relationships. An organizations target customers may be part of different markets. Consumer markets which are people who buy for personal use, these are called final consumers. Business Markets are companies that buy goods or services in order to use them for production in order to resell at a profit, these are called business customers. Government markets rent goods or services to carry out the main functions of the government.Institutional markets are schools & hospitals that provide goods or services to those in the organization. International markets are any of the customer markets but are situated overseas. Each market has its own particular features. Organizations must study the market/s to which they are selling to so as to understand its/their characteristics including the way buying decisions are made.Publics are groups that have an actual or potential interest in or on the companies ability to achieve its objectives. These publics include Media, Financial, Local, Internal, General, Citizen Action, or Government.The Macro EnvironmentThe Macro Environment can be considered as forces. These forces can be disclose into four categories demographic forces, Natural forces, Political forces and Social forces.Demographic ForcesThis is the study of the population. Demographic trends include Growing world population, Ageing population, Increasing Diversity, Changes in family structure, and a more Educated population.Growing world population The number of needs increases as the population increases. These increased needs backed by purchasing power create market opportunities. These opportunities must be exploited.Ageing population If the sure-enough(a) constituent of the population increases opportunities for companies that target this segment of the market. Likewise it creates threats companies that target a young market. These companies can react by offering a product suitable for an older market on top of their original product.Increasing diversity The nationality and racial make up of the country/ies where they are selling their products should be considered. Peoples wants are ecumenicly due to their nationality or race. Due to advancements in technology and transportation this has and is likely to continue increasing.Changes in family structure Nowadays families have gotten smaller. This agent that the usual budget for food etc is obviously going to get smaller i.e. with a higher standard of living an increase in purchases of variousproducts is probable. Women operative have also increased so with money in their pocket a new segment of potential customers has been created. There is also a pillow slip in husband and wife roles so now household products should also be aimed at husbands as well as wives.A more educate population As a result of this the demand for quality products, book, formal clothing etc has increased.Natural ForcesThese are forces to do with natural resources. These forces can be split into four categories Raw material shortage, Increased pollution, Increased government intervention and Environmentalism.Raw Material Shortage Non renewable resources pose a serious threat. Companies nerve problems such as increasing costs and protests. Some day theyll have to find substitute materials to use in production. Renewable resources also pose a problem if depletion rate supersedes its renewal rate. Companies using these resources face the same problems. Seemingly infinite resources are being destroyed due to pollution. Companies causing such abuse face bad word of mouth and a bad reputation.Increased pollution This poses a health as well as other threats to the general society. These industries must face bad word of mouth.Increased government intervention This intervention in resource management varies across countries. Government laws and regulations must be monitored by companies as to not break laws and face consequences.Environmentalism The se cause pressure sometimes so much that they actually damage a companys reputation and influence government intervention. Now companies go beyond and develop a plan that is known as an environmentally sustainable strategy and develop ecologically safer products.Political ForcesThese are forces such as laws, government agencies and pressure groups. These forces vary with country and possibly time. There job is to protect organizations from each other, consumers from organizations and their jerry-built practices etc, and society as a whole. Businesses are not only limited by laws and regulations but ethical and social codes are also considered. Most Businesses seize the Societal Marketing C at one timept.Economic ForcesThese are forces that affect consumers spending ability and spending patterns. These are split into Changes in Average Income, Changes in Income Distribution, and Changing Consumer using up Patterns.Changes in Average Income means that a high average income level by means of a raise can lead to an increase in demand for quality products and a fall for cheaper, more inferior products. Obviously a fall in average income can lead to the opposite. Companies must so be very aware of the changing in incomes and adjust to the accordingly.Changes in Income Distribution The segments are rich, middle income, and low income and people living on welfare. These segments sizes are likely to change over time. Once again the company must be monitoring this to spot changes to identify the trends in its target market/s. Companies can choose to offer two or more variations of their product in order to satisfy all parts of the Income Distribution chain ex. Books.Changing Consumer consumption Patterns Patterns are changing every day. As income increases products such as food etc are spent on less than housing, transportation etc. This is what help businesses mold on whether to expand in the same line of products or find an alternative line.Cultural ForcesBelief s and determine are divided into core beliefs and values and beliefswhich are difficult to change, and secondary beliefs and values which are easier to change.A company must either find a way of adjusting its product to fit the core beliefs and values or try and change the secondary beliefs through marketing activities etc. These beliefs are mainly attributes of ones society. A person holds views on1. her/himself people buy products that delay their personalities.2. other people people want to interact with society, therefore there is a demand forproducts that improve their relationships with others ex. Clubs etc.3. various institutions a positive strength towards an institution means that people will trust this institution. Companies do this buy adopting the Societal Marketing Concept.4. his/her society people prefer buying products made in their own company.5. the natural environment if people feel close to nature a demand in products such as health food will increase. i.e . if the company harms the environment this will reflect badly.6. the universe and spirituality if religious convictions and practice falls, materialismtakes over. If it doesnt fall companies promote their products with a spiritual theme. whatever organization needs to research such views and adjust each of the 4Ps accordingly.Technological ForcesA new technology implies new market opportunities for some organizations and threats for others. Companies once realizing this must keep up to date in order for technology to help them become more efficient, thus making them more successful.

An Analysis of Dylan Thomas “ Do not Go gently into that Good night” Essay

Dylan Thomas wrote this poem for his dying founding father, it was published on December 16, 1952, along with six other poems in In Country catnap . The Poem is a villanelle. It is made up of five tercets, a unit of three lines of verse, followed by a quatrain, a unit of four lines of verse. It is a linguistic communication poem. It makes of rhymes on every other line of the poem. Dylan also makes use of the repetition of a particular line to put his point across. Do non go light into that good night is a passionate poem about raise uping death. Dylan Thomas uses metaphors in describing the agony of death and how one must fight against it. He compares death to darkness, as a line recurring points to this Rage, rage against the dying of the light. In this poem, Dylan Thomas talks about life, and reminds the reader wherefore life is worth fighting for. He suggests images that call to mind, days in a life of a man, when there was laughter and merriment, as seen in such lines as these Wild men who caught and sang the sun in flight. The poems main theme is fighting for life. It is an impassioned plea to his father to cling on to existence and not be carried into the darkness. Dylan Thomas words reverberates in ones head as he seems to plead urgently that life not be given up so easily. The poem can also be applied in the lives of people who are not in danger of dying. It seems to call out to the living to live their lives to the fullest and not succumb to the darkness of ignorance and fear. This lyrical poem appears to be something a young soul may write, for it is full of bravery and invincibility- much like what teenagers or young ones would feel. Dylan then uses the elements of age. A young person, full of life asks someone to hold on a little longer in the same way that he probably held vigil beside his beloved father. Dylans seemingly simple poem is truly very inspiring because it holds a message of hope. It draws the audience in and then encourages them to examine their existence and ask if one is happy or contented. If not, then Dylans battle cry is more than enough to kindle a light in a readers heart. It is his proclamation of existence, his fervor to Rage against the end of the Light that is contagious and that enables him to engage readers and hold their attention and truly fight the darkness within and with out , much like how Dylan continuously did for his father, to whom this poem was compose for. Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night Critical Overview.REFERENCES Poetry for Students. 1998. Ed. Marie Rose Napierkowski. Vol. 1. Detroit Gale, eNotes.com.January 2006. 1 May 2008. .Thomas, Dylan. Do not go gently into that Good Night 2007. Poets.org, from the Academy of American Poets. Retrieved 29 April 2005 fromhttp//www.poets.org/viewmedia.php/prmMID/15377

Effects of the Colombian Exchange

The Columbian Exchange effected Europe and the Americas similarly and differently in environmental ways such(prenominal) as crops and in demographic ways such as maladys. The Columbian Exchange involved the transfer of lots of people, the supplant of crops, animals and resources that went between the invigorated and senescent populace. European explorers came over to the Americas and brought things that ultimately helped the autochthonics to prosper such as new farming techniques, hunting, fighting, and city building these were some of the more(prenominal) demographic effects.Europe alike bear upon the Americas environmentally by bringing nutriments such as wheat, rye, barley, oats and millet. Just like Europeans, the Americans helped to bring new plants, vegetables, and fruits back to the old gentleman such as corn, tomatoes, and coconut beans. Another demographic effect of the Columbian Exchange was diseases. When Europeans explorers came to the Americas they introduced new diseases such as tuberculosis, measles, cholera, typhus, and smallpox.Of all the exchanges between the Native Americans and Europeans, disease had the most impact. Native Americans also gave the Europeans diseases as well such as Syphilis. The European explorers then brought that disease back to Europe killing many Europeans in the process. The Americans attracted more disease than the Europeans because a majority of the diseases that the Europeans brought over they were already immune to, but the Americans were not. This was a major contrariety and was the reason for a majority of Native American deaths.An environmental contrariety between Europe and the Americans was that European explorers brought new cattle over to the New World. The natives had never seen or used European cattle before such as horses, cows, buffalo, and pigs. Many Native Americans abandoned agricultural for the nomadic lifestyle because hunting Buffalo made them far richer. An environmental difference w as that New World food was far more caloric than Old World food, so the population doubled. Corn and potatoes could now grow in nation that was useless for Old World crops.Also deforestation occurred in the Americas where it did not occur in Europe. This essentially harmed the environment. People were now beginning to leave Europe and repopulate the New World. The Europeans were able to affect the Europeans demographically by converting mass amounts of Natives to Christianity in the New World. However, Native Americans were not able to convert a large amount of Europeans to their belief. The effects of the Columbian Exchange were overall unnameable for the Native Americans and very beneficial to Europeans in the Old World.Effects of the Colombian ExchangeThe Columbian Exchange effected Europe and the Americas similarly and differently in environmental ways such as crops and in demographic ways such as diseases. The Columbian Exchange involved the transfer of lots of people, the ex change of crops, animals and resources that went between the New and Old World. European explorers came over to the Americas and brought things that ultimately helped the Natives to prosper such as new farming techniques, hunting, fighting, and city building these were some of the more demographic effects.Europe also affected the Americas environmentally by bringing foods such as wheat, rye, barley, oats and millet. Just like Europeans, the Americans helped to bring new plants, vegetables, and fruits back to the old world such as corn, tomatoes, and coco beans. Another demographic effect of the Columbian Exchange was diseases. When Europeans explorers came to the Americas they introduced new diseases such as tuberculosis, measles, cholera, typhus, and smallpox.Of all the exchanges between the Native Americans and Europeans, disease had the most impact. Native Americans also gave the Europeans diseases as well such as Syphilis. The European explorers then brought that disease back to Europe killing many Europeans in the process. The Americans attracted more disease than the Europeans because a majority of the diseases that the Europeans brought over they were already immune to, but the Americans were not. This was a major difference and was the reason for a majority of Native American deaths.An environmental difference between Europe and the Americans was that European explorers brought new cattle over to the New World. The natives had never seen or used European cattle before such as horses, cows, buffalo, and pigs. Many Native Americans abandoned agricultural for the nomadic lifestyle because hunting Buffalo made them far richer. An environmental difference was that New World food was far more caloric than Old World food, so the population doubled. Corn and potatoes could now grow in soil that was useless for Old World crops.Also deforestation occurred in the Americas where it did not occur in Europe. This essentially harmed the environment. People were now b eginning to leave Europe and repopulate the New World. The Europeans were able to affect the Europeans demographically by converting mass amounts of Natives to Christianity in the New World. However, Native Americans were not able to convert a large amount of Europeans to their belief. The effects of the Columbian Exchange were overall terrible for the Native Americans and very beneficial to Europeans in the Old World.

Barbarians at the Gate

Barbarians at the Gate argon a look back at the events that has lead to the largest leveraged debase bug out to have ever occurred in history. This involves the sullyout of RJR Nabisco, and how its CEO F. Ross Johnson schemes to buy his very own stage. However, Johnson stumbles upon another person who intends to take over RJR Nabisco, in the form of Henry Kravis, an investment banker from environ Street. It is a power struggle mingled with two rich people, with angles including greed, ethics, power or leveraged buy out. But the focus has been the leveraged buy out, as it was historys biggest conjunction takeover by a financial sponsor (Burrough & Helyar, 2005).The idea of the leveraged buy out of RJR Nabisco sparked when the company is facing the possibility of market failure due to their release of the smokeless tobacco, Premier. As the companys CEO, F. Ross Johnson felt that he has to take financial control of his own company because the stockholders of the company are unhap py with whats happening. There is no evolution in their stocks, with their only hope anchored on the release of their smokeless tobacco product. With this effort to revolutionize the smoke industry, the company wished to dominate and monopolize the smokers market.But the result of the sign market tests showed otherwise. Most smokers who responded to the tests said that the cigarette has the smell of fart and the taste of shit. In order to take the situation to a better turn, Johnson as the companys CEO, sets his eye on the leveraged buy out of his own company in order to keep the stockholders happy. He takes total control over RJR Nabisco, bandage putting more bills in the hands of its stockholders. There is however, a big risk with this action. Its because when a company opens up to for a leveraged buy out, its a free for all fight.Anyone can make a bid for the ownership of the company. But in Johnsons mind, boththing will turn out right, and no one would find out. A leveraged buyout is a good technique to acquire another company by means of large amounts of borrowed money in the form of bonds or loans, in order to reach the cost of acquisition. In here, the asset of the company being acquired is added up to the collateral for the loans being made. This is in order for the company to make large acquisitions without having to put out a lot of capital for the buy.This is clearly what happened to RJR Nabisco, where the companys assets were used as collateral in order to amass a great sum of money for the buy out. Everything was going well until they stumbled upon a formidable adversary in the form of the Wall Street Investment Banker, Henry Kravis. Kravis entered the scene along with other bidders who are interested in buying the company. Kravis was a part of a group cognise to be the kings of leveraged buy outs, the Kohlberg Kravis Roberts (KRR). KRR successfully buys out the RJR Nabisco from its previous owners at a price of $25Bn. All the efforts coming from F.Ross Johnson have been put to waste. Barbarians at the Gate are a good exploration of one monolithic event in the history of leveraged buy outs. It clearly shows that anything could happen in the free market. In business, money has always been equated to power, and those who possess both of these usually get their way with things. But thats not all you also need to strategically think of every action you will take, because the business world is not a safe place there would always be barbarians waiting outside the gates. Reference Burrough, B. , & Helyar, J. (2005). Barbarians at the Gate The Fall of RJR Nabisco Collin Publishing.

One Flew over the Cuckoo’s Nest Response to Literature Essay

Society is a judgmental and rejecting place. It only all(prenominal)ows similar singulars to be in this rules of order which discards anyones identity operator and pride. In the novel, One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest, by Ken Kesey, hold dear Ratched alienates the patients individualities which only allows them to never progress in their mental health. The smart set rejects the volume who are not normal. In this case, the people are the ones with mental disorders.Keseys anti-establishment point of view against society portrays that the government misuses power to manipulate society which leads to the suppression of individuality through the literary devices analogy, parable, and symbolism. Ken Kesey conveys his national by vividly explaining the bunching party. As one of the treatments, harbor Ratched holds group therapy for the patients. During the group therapy session, McMurphy notices that the go down on ignites all the conflict at first so he explains, The flock run s horts sight of a spot of ocellus on some chicken and they all go to peckin at it (Kesey 57).McMurphy is trying to explain the abusiveness of Nurse Ratcheds power. This analogy supports Keseys message of how society rejects and leads to the suppression of individuals. Kesey uses the chickens to fiddle the patients and the first peck would represent Nurse Ratched because she manipulates an individual which causes uneasiness to the patient which will never be the cure for one who is mental to get better.After McMurphy goes on roughly the pecking party, he says one more thing to Harding about the pecking party, You want to go to sleep who pecks that first peck? (58). McMurphys rhetorical question signifies his opinion even more. This allows not only Harding, nevertheless the rest of the patients to see how Nurse Ratched is scarce another person and how they should not let her take perpetrate discover over them. Kesey furthers his analogy after the pecking party image because it reveals and justifies who really does peck that first peck.This relates to the division because Nurse Ratched represents the government while the patients represent society concluding that the government continuously pecks at the individuals who feel that they are not a part of society. Overall, the pecking party is an analogy of how society suppresses ones individuality because to be an individual one must get better like the patients attempt to do besides all they are doing are taking steps back due to Nurse Ratched. In One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest, Kesey demonstrates his use of metaphors through machinery comparisons to portray the theme of suppression of an individual.When Bromden characterizes Nurse Ratched he says, So she really lets herself go and her painted smile twists, stretches to an open snarl, and she blows up outsizedger and bigger, big as a tractor, so big I can aspect the machinery inside the way you smell a motor pulling too big a load. (5). Bromden sees Nu rse Ratched as machinery and not as a human beingness. This supports the fact that the ward is like a factory, just waiting to make patients into products. Kesey uses metaphor to compare Nurse Ratched to machinery because this describes her persona perfectly.Like a machine, Nurse Ratched is very smooth and calm about things at first but like every machine there are flaws. When Nurse Ratched meets her flaws, that is when things get to go haywire like a machine. It can either breakdown or malfunction but it is always repairable. When Bromden has the dream about Blastic, he thinks I was looking to see just a shower stall of rust and ashes, and now and again a piece of wire or glass (88). The significance of Bromdens dream is that it represents how the ward is inhumane because a shower of rust and ashes fell out of Blastics tree trunk instead of human organs.Kesey exemplifies metaphor through Bromdens dream by explaining how societys standards of being accepted can transform one to be inhumane and to lose their individuality. Overall, these comparisons relate to the theme having the machines represent a form of government, standing in the way, or suppressing, the individual, or society. This can support the main theme that society abuses their power to manipulate and suppress the individuality of others. Fog is used by Kesey to demonstrate them and to be the aloneness and individuality of a patient.Bromden describes the effects of indistinctness when he thinks, I dont catch to end up at that door if I stay still when the overcast comes over me and just keep quiet (132). This explains how much control Nurse Ratched had over the patients. It demonstrates how something like fog takes away their individuality be they just keep quiet. The fog symbolizes a safe zone and aloneness for the patients because Nurse Ratched had so much authority over the patients that it was like a crib holding them while she was out. Keseys theme is supported in this because society takes away individuality as well as fog does.One characteristic they both share is the way they manipulate and abuse their power. Bromden also thinks about fog when he said, You had a choice you could either strain and look at things that appeared in front of you in the fog, painful as it might be, or you could relax and lose yourself (131). Bromden describes how the patients were almost forced to be in the fog because you could relax and lose yourself and that the time that is all the patients really want. The fog also symbolizes a whipping boy for the patients so they dont have to face all the challenges ahead because you had a choice.A simple break from everything, especially Nurse Ratched. This furthers Keseys message of how the fog is another form of control from Nurse Ratched, in which she abuses her power by manipulating her patients so they cannot get better. Ken Kesey uses analogy, metaphor, and symbolism to demonstrate how society uses their power to manipulate others whi ch leads to a suppressed individual. He uses examples from the ward to compare the real outside piece with a mental asylum. This world and society focus too much on how to fit in and it has become more of a moral thing to fit in than to be ones self.Kesey blames it on the establishment that people are suppressed of their individuality, but is that really true? It has become a custom rather than a rule and that needs to change and it starts from being a leader and an individual rather than a follower. The real story of individuals is not within the establishment, but it is within a person. To run that is to depending on the person and that is the problem in our society, no one likes to be that person to step up and be the first to go. But if someone were to do it, our society would change instantly.

Hemingway’s Descriptive technique

The First World War wreaked more than havoc and destruction than the world had ever seen before. only around them, people could only see death and devastation. The existing moral structure and value systems were approaching crumbling down as men killed fellow men without so much as a secondly thought. This led to people questioning faith, religion, and the existence of God. They began to feel that if t here(predicate) re tout ensembley was a God, then for certain he would stop the pain and suffering that man was facing at that time? A front end slowly began to sweep all over Europe, where people began to re-think and question the very meaning of invigoration. This school of thought came to be known as Existentialism.Very similar to Existentialism, was Modernism. The Modernists were people who revolted against the music, art and architecture of the times, and targeted mainly the classical and quixotic strains of literature. They were people who were depressed and disillusione d by the militarism of the times, and challenged fundamental values such as progress and enlightenment. standardised the Existentialists, they too did not believe in the existing set of rules and morals that governed society, and believed it was time for a change. both(prenominal) of these concepts influenced Hemingway greatly, and we can see the effect of this influence clearly in his writing. The fresh. A F arwell to Arms is narrated whole from Frederick enthalpys point of view. He has a very distinct way of describing things-short and crisp. Throughout the novel, though Henry is adjoin on all sides by death, destruction and the wreckage of war, never once do we see him dramatizing or wild-eyedizing it. He has what one might call a reporters eye-everything is portrayed as if being reported by a journalist, concentrating only on the concrete facts and nothing else. Hemingway does not give the reader the opportunity to fit moral judgement on any of the characters or situations , infact, Henry gives us a perfect 360 tier view of things, and the way in which he speaks of death and casualties with such practiced normalcy almost unsettles the reader.In this part of the novel, Hemingway besides stresses on the differences that have grown between Rinaldi and Henry. Henry was injured and had to leave the front, which subsequently led to him spending time and falling thickly in love with Catherine. This episode in his life gave him the chance to change and grow as a person, he becomes more mature and very dissimilar from the Henry that we came to know at the beginning of the book. Rinaldi, on the other hand, remains the way he has forever and a day been, and seems to have grown embittered and hostile towards the war. It is killing me, he says. Of Henry he says, you act like a married man, almost accusing him of having changed. In this manner, Hemingway uses Rinaldi as a foil to bring out and emphasize the change and growth that has taken spatial relation in Henry.In Book Three of the novel, Henry and Catherines romantic interlude has ended, and the focus shifts once more from love to war. It is once again Autumn, and the trees were all bare and the roads were muddy Hemingway continues with his use of rain and water as a bad omen. Mud here also represents the unclarity and uncertainty of the times. Later, in chapter 28, mud acts as an antagonist of sorts, when the ambulances get stuck in it, and this leads to Henry shooting a fellow Italian officer.The contrast between the plains and the mountains, which Hemingway had established in earlier chapters, is laid out more explicitly here when Henry, while speaking to a driver named Gino, tells him that he does not believe that a war can be fought and won in the mountains. This establishes the mountains not only as a place of peace and tranquility, but also of refuge.Rain also seems to be ever-present during Book Three. In Chapter 27, it begins to pour, and this label the beginning of th e Italian retreat. By the evening, the rain turns to snow for a while, giving the men a shine of hope, only to start raining again. The reader is so tuned into the rain- death symbolism by now that when, over dinner, a driver known as Amyno says, To-morrow maybe we drink rainwater, we are left with a deep sense of foreboding and doom.Perhaps the most important bit of symbolism in the whole novel comes in Chapter 28 of Book Three. It is the climax of the novel, and the action is all downhill from then onwards. Here, Henry leave the war at long last, it is something that has been in the pipeline for many a chapter. Chaos seems to be at large, as Henry witnesses Amyno being shot by a fellow Italian. As he says, We are in more danger from Italians than from Germans. Henry had never felt any duty or covenant to the Italian army, he always seemed to be isolated from the war, and so it seems as if all this time Hemingway was preparing us for this very moment. When Henry plunges headlong into the river, in effect abandoning the war, the reader is not shocked, and does not feel the urge to ladder judgement of any sort, because he understands Henrys motives for desertion. His dive into the river is Hemingways way of signaling a Re-Birth or Baptism of sorts, as when Henry comes out of the water, he is a changed man, who has made his own peace with the war. This is further exemplified when Henry says, Anger was rinse away in the river along with any obligation,Also, while Henry is clutching on to the piece of timber and afloat(p) down the river, we notice that though the entire novel up until that point has been entirely in the for the first time person (I), the narration now shifts for a brief moment, and Henry begins to use the words you and we. The resultant of this is that the reader feels much closer to Henry, and gets a chance to put himself in Henrys shoes. Its as if Hemingway wants us all to be Fredrick Henry, if only for a moment.At the end of Book Three, we see Henry traveling in a train car used to transport guns, and thinking quietly about what he has fair done, and about his love for Catherine. Again, Hemingway uses the second-person narrative, as Henry justifies his desertion to himself by thinking, You were out of it now, you had no more obligation.Thus, Hemingway effectively utilizes these various descriptive techniques and employs them to peel away the layers of glory and honour that surround the war, instead showing us the honest, brutal face of war. The novel reaches its climax in Book Three, and we see descending action from here onwards.

Barbie-Q

The allure of Concerns story-telling Lies In her ability to constantly introduce readers Into conflicting states of emotion. Clearly, while the subjects optimism Is consistent end-to-end the eldest paragraph, critical readers kindle detect subtle shifts In feelings which range from sheer exhilaration (as she describes her Barbies pointedness with great fondness evening elegance In black glitter strapless gown, puffy razzing at the bottom like a mermaid tail, etc. To s cast down disappointment (from so much training and undressing, the black glitter wears off where her ditties stick noun and eventual solace (shown by her contentment with the self-made clothes). The light t star in Barbie-Q is of premium archetype, as the young girls voice radiates enthusiasm and urgency. The pace in the first paragraph constantly picks up while the readers emotion is dragged down. The initial tension heightens as readers see the protagonists wish-list gets thirster and longer, until she resorts to her own means n order to curb the fervor.The little narrator In Bearable-Q captures us In many ways. The lists she employed are rich In details as If everything Is read off from the labels. Her unsatiable desire to fill up her doll collection is not hidden. Is she an observant storyteller, or a fashions? Readers can split in opinions, but the young girls obsession is inarguably not a matter of dispute. And while one may initially question, condemn and hold her fascination in negative light, the protagonists motivated actions slowly diagnose sense to the audience as the story unfolds.Her deprived world explains the playing habit and the tinge of jealousy she tries to mask. Too child who has yet to enter school, a toy can be anything tangible. Unfortunately, such raffish consciousness is quickly reshaped when he Is exposed to the society and quickly sees himself being subjected to Its taste and sense of beau ideal. Yes, the story talks about superficial values. However, It Is the underlying aspiration of the protagonist to fit In and being normal, even temporarily, that makes this piece striking. The metaphorical Barbie doll is just a medium to criticize this unfair

Jose Rizal, an exemplary leader Essay

Many were still debating on the credibility of Jose Rizal as the bailiwick hero of the Philippines. Many assumes that he was an American hero for he was plant by the Americans. Others believed that Bonifacio was the real hero for he was the one who fought the battle for the Philippines. Who is who? Who is the real hero, who is the greater leader? I myself believed then that Rizal do non deserve to be the national hero and is non worthy to be called a leader, that was until i enrolled my Philippine Ideology subject. In the course i found out the cautionary deeds of Rizal from his childhood up to his execution. I came to realize why he was chosen to be the national hero. Among his great deeds, his leadership was at its peak when he died at Bagumbayan.Before the his death, he already showed what a leader should be. In his inhabit travel abroad, he was then asked to stay at Singapore and mist their precisely he opt to continue his voyage though he already knew where will his mi ckle will lead him, a leader must be brave as what Rizal had shown, he was not afraid to face his challenges and he faced these with such bravery. Furthermore, when Spanish armies arrested Rizal, Rizal do not hesitate but he voluntarily go with them, a leader should know when to fight and when to stay calm. In his last days in Dapitan, Rizal was visited by a vast number of friends and relatives, being a leader does not mean me but it is we, because of his characteristics, Rizal gained lot of friends whom together with his family did not left him until the end.Until the death of Rizal he showed that he was an exemplary leader, who among us can face our death as Rizal did? Who among us can sacrifice his own bearing to the intruders just for the country. Rizal died for me, Rizal died for you. Without his death the eyes of our fore fathers might not been opened and maybe until now we ar still wrapped on their arms. Rizal is a hero, a leader, a Filipino.

Bowen Theory: Emotional Cutoff. Retrieved

I definitely agree with many of the observations that Bowen do through his theoretical framework. If there is one construct that has stood out from among the rest it is none other than the concept of Emotional Cutoff. Bowen refers to this as an undivideds manner of managing many of his critically unresolved issues that he has had with his take in personal family or his family of origin (Bowen, 2004).Painful experiences with the family be better managed in the present when the members concerned are both being dealt with in a superficial way especially where emotional or sensitive concerns are the issue or the person chooses to distance himself from his source of pain by leaving or refusing penetrate with those members of his family (Bowen, 2004). Every human experience involves a causative factor that produces a kind of response. In explaining the doings of people, we start our description with reference to some kind of active driving force the individual seeks, the individual wants, the individual fears.Various psychologists describe motivation, in other words, as the driving force behind our behavior (Atkinson, et al. 1983). This is basically very familiar to me especially that my family seemed to be in constant denial (especially both of my parents) about the bereavement of our home spirit. We were together but we existed in pieces because daily my father was an epitome of someone whose inner life seemed to be torn in disarray due to worry, unresolved anger and insecurity. He had started the vicious turn of pain then emotional cutoff and on and on.He had distanced himself so much that he never bothered to attend to any of our graduation rites and he was forever busy, that was what he said. Eventually this spilled over to my relationship with my partner and children I tended to somehow demand things that were more reminiscent of those days with my family at home. I was fortunate ample that these days my spouse is a fierce watchdog over my tendenci es and helped me overcome my disconnectedness which had started to threaten hitherto to overwhelm my family as well at the early part of our marriage.

Roche Pharmaceuticals Operations Planning Research Paper

Roche Pharmaceuticals Operations Planning - Research root ExampleSales & Operations PlanningAt Roche an efficient gross sales & operations supply is use in order to balance demand and supply, to align mix and volume and for integrating financial and operational fancys. This has been facilitated by using of Enterprise Resource Planning systems discussed in later sections. At Roche, the top steering takes ownership of the sales and operations planning process. The management considers it a source of delivering business plans and strategies. The metier to pertinacious term decisions argon taken by the top executives while the short term decisions are taken by the middle management. Various products at Roche pharmaceuticals are divided into families which makes it easier for management to review them for planning. Roche believes in proactive management rather than reactive crisis management. Hence, the sales and operations plan are designed well fore of time. The sales and oper ations planning process also encompasses risk analysis and mitigation. The different possible scenarios in the planning horizon are studied and plans are made to tackle sudden rise or fall in demand and resources. After the plans have been decided at the top, they are communicated throughout the placement for smooth and accurate implementation. Broadly speaking, 5 steps are followed by Roche for Sales and Operations Planning. In the first steps, all new product development programmes are reviewed with the help of Research and Development Department. The education obtained acts as input for the sales and operations planning process. The concerned risks and assumptions are also documented. In the present moment step, a new sales and demand plan is created. The forecasts made here are dependent upon inputs from various stakeholders in the meeting. Roche accomplishes forecasting with the help of SAP ERP tools. The system generated forecasts are shared with all stakeholders. Any chan ges suggested are incorporated after discussion and the final forecasts are developed. These forecasts act as input for demand planning meeting. The concerned risks and assumptions are documented. In the third step, an operations plan is prepared in order to put to death demands for each time period. For this the old operations plan is studied and the differences are noted. In the new operations plan, these differences are adjusted keeping in view the various resource constraints and inventory levels. The operations plan is multiplied by bill of materials necessary for each product family to arrive at total required resources. The required resources are compared with available resources. If there are significant differences, solutions to fill those gaps are identified and documented. In the fourth step, the impact of operations plan on other departments such as Accounts, finance, IT and sales is studied. Reconciliations and corrections are done to address concerns of various depa rtments. Finally the key recommendations and potential scenarios are studied to from an agenda for the final Sales and Operations Planning meeting. The agenda is shared before the meeting for everyone to understand. In the fifth part step, final Sales and Operations meeting is conducted. In the final meeting, the progress on previous sales and operations plan is studied, plan for each product family is reviewed, approvals are made and new proposals are decided. The proceeding of meeting and action plans are then communicated to various stakeholders (PHS, 2006). 5.3. Aggregate Planning Strategies Roche pharmaceuticals uses aggregate planning for achieving its medium term objectives. The activities are planned at various

Managing Information Systems within Jobcentre Plus Essay

Managing Information Systems at bottom Jobcentre Plus - Essay ExampleBritain hypermarket net Tesco is angiotensin-converting enzyme of such leaders. This confederation sails one third of alone foodstuffs in the country. Tesco can firmly be named as a national shop. Rich, average and poor customers can find the goods according their wishes and financial abilities.In the beginning of 1990th Tesco took up the small category of retail market for lower-income customers. More expensive line for well-off customers was concerned with J. Sainsbury and Waitrose. Comfortable location, competitive prices, polite staff, heavy(p) variety of goods and products, mainly, circumspect development strategy helped Tesco to become a really national shop. It has happened neither cod to only British goods are sold nor due to the state authorities discrimination of American Wal food market or French Carrefour. National brand buildup took place thanks to Tesco owners and managers, who understood Britis h customers wishes, whims and the mechanism of termination making. It became possible after using way Information System (MIS).Tesco set close cooperation with University College London. The scientists offered new methods of gathering, checking, collating, review, storage, access, recuperation and update of statistics information of retail sells. Fed every second by Tescos 12 million Clubcard holders, the melting pot database could in theory generate about 12 billion pieces of data a year if for for each one one cardholder bought just 20 items a week. This information is analyzed very attentively. MIS helps managers to understand what goods are sold give together, to place them accordingly on the counters in supermarkets. Experts, who carry out such analysis for Tesco, insist that the company has one of the biggest customer databases in the world.At first, hypermarket provides constant (season, holiday, single) discounts for that goods and stuffs, which customer buys oftener t hen others. At the halt of a quarter each Clubcard holder gets voucher, equivalent to sum total, he spent in Tesco hypermarkets. to boot they are rewarded with coupons, which allow discounts to that goods, the customers can enjoy (according to MIS results). Surely, this generated information is based on purchase data analysis.Management Information System (relevant module) defines the consumer goods basket, which can be potentially interested to a customer. During the quarter Tesco sells about 6 million letters with propositions of different discounts to loyal clients.Also Tesco MIS provides detailed sells information, which allows placing the goods on the counters according to consumers tastes in each particular region or even in dependence of daytime. In the morning customers buy one stuffs, in the evening - another. Tesco shops in the center of London differ greatly from the little out-of-the-way ones. another(prenominal) MIS module takes into account ethnic and demographic fac tors, fashion and even the contents of TV programs.Can you approximate customer joy and

Information and Systems for Competitive Advantage Research Paper

cultivation and Systems for Competitive Advantage - Research Paper ExampleThe researcher states that for many organizations, such Web sites be helpful to customers because they are equal to(p) to acquire resources, as opposed to determining requirements for resources. On the other hand, customers play use of the sites for determination of requirements, as opposed to using them for acquisition purposes. At the same time, the Web helps firms to be in a position to compete in the manner expected. CLRC is advantageous due to the fact that it is able to provide guidance that assists in the search for SIS opportunities by focusing on the needs of customers. Products that are provided by an organization to its customers appear as supporting resources from the point of view of the customers. This is due to the fact that a customer must go through a kind of resource lifecycle to acquire them, and this requires a probatory amount of effort and time to decimate. The ability of a supplier in assisting a customer to manage this lifecycle enables them to differentiate themselves from the competition, thus creating a competitive edge. The differentiation method applied may be in form of enhanced customer service, the introduction of direct cost savings or investing in ICT. The relationship between ICT and the CRLC framework is crucial especially in todays technologically in advance(p) world due to the fact that enhancement of customer service/ experience is largely dependent on the advancement. Various studies have been carried out to determine the prevalence of ICT in the wine industry different forms of ICT employ in the industry, how they are applied and incorporated in the various operations, what they are used for, their importance in enabling production, as well as the factors that could influence their use.

Calibration of Glassware Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Calibration of Glassw be - Lab Report ExampleGet rid of solely the water in the passelonical flaskful. All the other volumes of water marks in canonical flask will be measured by the balances that read to 0.0001 g for this experiment. The only exception will be the normalisation of 100 mL volumetric flask mark. For that mark, integrity should use the balances that read to 0.001 g because they can handle heavier weights. The estimated uncertainties are weight of water, erroneousness in sighting the level of the water, density of water and error in temperature reading. So as to avoid introducing random and systematic errors in measures, it is essential to calibrate them.volumetrical glassware is manufactured to specific standards, but it is not all identical and the manufacturing tolerances are not as strict as you may require for certain Lab measurements. Indeed, small variations often occur from one piece of glassware to the next. It is possible to correct for systematic errors i n the calibration markings, and such corrections are necessary for the most accurate analytical work.Volumetric measurements are affected by two main(prenominal) systematic errors parallax and temperature. The volume that a certain transparent occupies varies with temperature. Even the volume of the apparatus holding the liquid is also affected by the temperature. 21 degrees Celsius has been taken as normal room temperature for calibration.This table contains as many as 50 trials in order to get more reliable estimation of the measurement uncertainties. The data value was arrived at by conducting a minimum of three trials to obtain a fitting calibration. All the findings were recorded in the format above.To improve on proper measurement of volumes, manual calibration of apparatus should be done regularly. To also improve on their performance, volumetric flasks, which are usually colorless, they tycoon be amber-colored so as to handle most light-sensitive

Freedom of speech should have a limitation or not Essay

Freedom of speech should have a limitation or not - Essay ExampleIn modern age of great communication, when the federal agency of information increases from day to day, a government should have no control upon such a b exclusively-shaped historical process. To provide a limitation on immunity of speech in modern conditions would be both despotic and unnatural decision.Freedom of speech takes its origin from human nature. Humans are kindly beings and used to share information since time out of mind. Was it a warring call about a danger, or a process of expression own thoughts and feelings, but humankind learned to speak, invented languages, arts and signs, - all with the same goal, to convey information to others. There was and is, and will be a human desire and postulate to speak freely to other humans. Humankind already has spent millenniums developing a wider system of communication, from move a messenger to sending a digital message in any part of the world, and when winnin g a look on a global modern trend, the sphere of communication only increases its development.Apparently, astute this human natural need of communication and to prevent the injustice of previous years, in 1948 the right of a free speech was recognized on a law level within Article 19 of The Universal Declaration of Human Rights proclaimed by General Assembly of unify Nations. Everyone has the right to emancipation of opinion and expression this right includes freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers (The Universal Declaration of Human Rights). The Declaration proclaims universal laws and rights for every human being, notwithstanding a race, religious and other differences, and nowadays it serves as a basic for every constitution of United Nations country members. Therefore, despite a particular state may specify own laws and rights on freedom of speech, they should correspon d to ones

The Law on Race Discrimination Has Undergone Transformation over the Essay

The Law on Race Discrimination Has Undergone Transformation over the Last 15 Years due to a Number of Significant Issues - Essay ExampleThousands of people report cases of employment dissimilarity by personal characteristics. Some of them are decisive enough to go to the court. Reasons wherefore anti- disagreement laws egress to be ineffective are numerous and diverse. Basically, contemporary anti-discrimination laws are limited to negative torts against workplace discrimination as such, they do non promote positive attitudinal changes in private business and do not provide conditions required to protect workers from unlawful discrimination. Discrimination The current state of law Understanding why discrimination continues to persist is impossible without looking at the current state of anti-discrimination laws in Europe and America. For some(prenominal) years, the developed world had been concerned with the cope of workplace discrimination and possible ways to cross with it. As of today, the United Kingdom, the European Union and the United States run whole systems of anti-discrimination laws which, nevertheless, do not bring the craved effect. In the United States, Title VII of the Civil Rights bring of 1964 is the central component of the countrys anti-discrimination legislation that applies widely across private and public organizations. The discussed law is followed and complemented by the Age Discrimination in Employment number (ADEA). The latter goes beyond the problem of racial discrimination and prohibits discrimination on effort that are not recognized by the U.S. Constitution (Rutherglen 1995). In the United Kingdom, the Race Relations mould (1975), the Sex Discrimination Act (1975), as well as the Disability Discrimination Act (1975) make water the basic trio of laws, followed by numerous amendments that currently govern the issues of workplace discrimination in the country. It should be noted, that the past decade witnessed an unprece dented rise in the number of anti-discrimination amendments passed by the British government (Fredman 2002). Nevertheless, the issue of workplace discrimination remains extremely relevant for Britain. Even in light of the Treaty of capital of Italy and the Treaty establishing the European Union, Great Britain and other countries of Europe have been consistently unable to fight discrimination in the workplace. Given the growing extent of globalization and unification within the European Union, it comes as no surprise that the prevailing majority of EU anti-discrimination laws apply to the issue of free movement of migrant workers across EU member-states. According to the European Court of Justice, a provision of national law must be regarded as indirectly discriminatory if it is intrinsically liable to affect migrant workers more than national workers and if at that place is a consequent risk that it will place the former at a particular separate (Commission v. Greece 1998). As suc h there is still no consistency in how the issue of discrimination is being managed. The situation in Australia is no better as of today, Australias anti-discrimination laws include Age Discrimination Act 2004, Australian Human Rights Commission Act 1986, Disability Discrimination Act 1975, Racial Discrimination Act 1975, and Sex Discrimination Act 1984. It is no wonder that these laws and numerous amendments create a great deal of confusion and make it difficult for public and, especially, private enterprises to avoid legal complexities and protect their employees from abuse. Discrimination in the workplace Still an issue? With so many laws governing the issue of work

Human Resource Management and Performance Essay

Human Resource Management and Performance - Essay ExampleHuman mental imagery counselling employs the concepts of strategic perplexity in order to derive maximum productivity from the human resources. Human resource management (HRM) is a function whose principal(prenominal) objective is to integrate the organizations policy with all the HRM practices. These HRM practices are staffing, achievement appraisal, remuneration management, and dismissal (Price, 1997, p. 72). It is imperative to note that the top management is highly involved in this system. This surface enhances employee attitudes and behavior which should be in line with the overall goals of the organization. The conventional Human resource practices have arisen collect to constant improvements in the area of management from early schools of thought. The earliest school of thought on management was the Classical management scheme. This theory was advanced in the period of the industrial revolution. This theory was developed amidst studies through with(p) to ascertain the best way to execute and manage tasks. Important to note is that the classical management theory was broken down into two fundamental concepts. These are the classical scientific approach and classical administrative approach (Boxall, 1992, p. 19) The classical scientific theory was developed in order to capitalize on productivity and effectiveness in the organization. The approach was based on analyzing the work processes and evaluation of the competency of the available workforce. The main objective was to determine the most efficient way to complete tasks.

Indonesian Arts And Craft Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Indonesian Arts And Craft - Article ExampleThey as well comprise of Christians, Buddhists, Hindus, Muslims and animists living in historic places, bamboo huts, city apartments as well as long houses.Indonesian craftwork reflects the customs, religions, history and modern influences. Craftwork can be divided into three groups namely those of outer Indonesia, those of inner Indonesia and those affiliated to Islam. Indonesian art comprises of designs from Islamic or Chinese beliefs and symbols, Buddhist and Hindu designs brought by traders from India, ancestor faith and early animistic worship and beliefs (Expat, 2014). Indonesians have preferred to concentrate on culture rather than the providence and politics.The numerous ethnic groups and religions in Indonesia form part of the cultural richness and diversity in the nation. from each one ethnic group has its own theatre, dance and storytelling tradition. The oldest known dance and theatre tradition of Indonesia can be found in J ava (Bunanta and MacDonald, 2003). The shadow puppet theater also known as the wayang kulit has been in existence for years and is one of the most famous arts in Indonesia (Bunanta and MacDonald, 2003). The shadow puppet is make using leather. In fact, wayang kulit means shadow made by leather. The shadow puppet was mainly influenced by Hindu and Islam, although western culture also played a significant role.Painting has been part and bundle of the culture of Indonesia for many years. In the nineteenth century, Indonesian painting became very popular. This was after the arrival of the Dutch and other Europeans. Lamoureux points out that today there are extensive artists colonies in Yogyakarta and the surrounding area, in central Java, and in Bali (2003, p. 148). The most recognized painting is the Balinese style. In this style of painting, artists fill their canvasses with details of daily spirit and mythology (Lamoureux, 2003, p. 148). This painting has however changed since the Pita Maha revolution the new style

Project governance structures and leadership Essay

Project governance structures and leadership - Essay ExampleRio Tinto shargons were listed in the Australian Securities Exchange, London Stock Exchange and New York Stock Exchange. Headquarter of the high society is laid in the UK and it was operating in 40 countries with around 71,000 employees. The main objective of the business is undergo the mathematical operation of finding, mining, and processing mineral of the global resources. Furthermore, the company is engaged in the production of metals as well as minerals that includes copper, gold, diamonds, uranium, aluminium, coal and other industrial minerals (1Rio Tinto, 2014).The make of the essay is to analyse the current business model in terms of the project governance structures and leadership approaches of Rio Tinto Group. In this regard, an assessment is conducted with the aim of having a better understanding about the procedure based on which the company businesses approach in the global context. .The organisational stru cture of Rio Tinto Group is based on the hierarchical principle i.e. top-down structure and the overall job role of the group is sub divided into separate departments. These departments are centrally accountable for the functional management linkage with the corporate management that consist of control panel level. The corporate management of the company includes the chairman, two executive directors and eight independent non-executive directors and presidents (2Rio Tinto, 2013). The company board regulates and evaluates the opportunities that need to establish forward and strive to keep a balance between expenses and income of the business. The 2013 strategic report of the company reveals that board evaluates the planning reports and plays a supportive role to approve such plans. Sam Walsh is the chief executive of the company decision during the year 2013 is highly supported by the board level of implementing

Life after diagnosis and treatment of cancer in adulthood Essay

Life after diagnosis and treatment of cancer in matureness - Essay ExampleIn the article, the motive describes that they use data software to anise the data collected. The author presents the data in graphs and tables reflecting the collected information. Besides, the information is discussed in a logical, manner to explain the identified gaps. The word borrows widely from the works of other studies to draw conclusions and recommendations. Therefore, in this perspective, the author meets all the basic requirements of the research. The authors use literature review in unlike ways. First, he uses it to show studies that have been done previously. The articles the authors review represent various studies in the past. In this, the authors explain the main aims of the studies hypothesis and the get under ones skins of these studies. When relevant the author also shows various recommendations the scholars made. By critically explaining the researchers reviewed, the scholars seek to pr event duplication of the work. Doing studies that have been already done wastes both resources and time that could be employed in other places. Secondary, the author uses the review of articles from other scholars to identify the gaps in the study. This is the gaps that he at long last will seek to fill by his study. In this, the authors compare the objectives of one study with the findings of the study to find whatever that was left out. These they draw them from various sources on one study. In another aspect, the authors compare think findings to show various gaps that studies did not fulfill.

Theory and Practice Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Theory and Practice Paper - Essay slipHowever, the primary function of the United States Department of Education is to formulate federal funding curriculums involving education and to use federal educational laws involved with privacy and civil rights. The quality of educational institutions and their degrees is maintained through an light private process known as accreditation which the Department of Education has no direct public territorial control over. However, there atomic number 18 edition interposition programs that have been developed to help fight readers to mitigate interpret in kindergarten and source sort students. This paper will discuss three primal reading intervention programs that are designed to prevent advance(prenominal) reading problem from developing quite a than hard to correct a problem after it is established. These programs have been applied in first and blink of an eye grade and have proved very effective. The early reading intervention to be discussed is The Scott Foresman Early rendering noise Program. The paper will also show the current judgment practice of the early intervention program in Ocean View School District in California.Early reading intervention programs refers to early school intervention programs that are designed to prevent early reading problem from developing rather than trying to correct a problem after it is established. These programs have been applied in first and second grade and have proved very effective. The early reading intervention to be discussed is The Scott Foresman Early Reading interjection Program. The paper will also show the current assessment practice of the early intervention program in Ocean View School District in California.Early Reading InterventionEarly reading intervention programs refers to early school intervention programs that are designed to prevent early reading problem from developing rather than trying to correct a problem after it is established. (Pikulski, 1997)To emend reading in kindergarten and first grade students, a number of early reading intervention reading programs have been invented. The programs are used in within the regular classroom to help the struggling readers and the classroom t all(prenominal)ers carry out the program with the help of instructional aides or older students. They help struggling readers succeed in school and make good progress in reading especially in grade 2 through 4.In Scott Foresman Early Reading intervention, the program was designed to provide kindergarten and first grade children with an intervention to improve their reading. A teacher is supposed to deliver daily lesson of 30 proceedings to small groups of 2-5 students. The intervention is comprised of 126 lessons distributed across 30 calendar weeks of instruction.The Scott Foresman Early Reading Intervention Program is organized in a carefullyplanned sequence of skills the explicit instruction and systematic review are intend to ensure st udent success. The teachers guide provides a detailed lesson plans that are easy tofollow and the instructional materials are well organized. The lesson takes 30-minute that consist of seven activities, with each activity designed to last only three to cardinal minutes. In the first 15 minutes of the lesson, the emphasis is on the phonological awareness and alphabetic discernment while the next 15 minutes focuses on writing and spelling. To help teacher pace instructions, each activity is labeled with the amount of time it should last. For the sake of the students who do not grasp anything, the lesson provides immediate re-teaching strategy.It is recommended that a formal screening assessment, such as Dynamic Indicators of Basic Early Literacy Skills (DIBELS), during the fourth to sixth week of the school year should be administered in the Scott Foresman Early Reading Intervention program. A comprehensive assessment plan is an important part of this intervention program.The interv ention prog

Performance Evaluation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

slaying Evaluation - Essay Example6). Performance Evaluation Points of Concern The case study talks around a mid size manufacturing graft and the doing evaluation of an engineer is conducted who previously had worked in the aerospace industry and hard working employee. Major concerns with pry to performance review in the manufacturing firm was that the review was performed by someone who was not soundly train and so he wont be able to understand the criteria of judging a psyche and deciding upon the appraisal. Secondly, the engineer did not trust the companys approach towards evaluation of performance as it concentrated only personal characteristic and relationship with the worker. Thirdly even after learning about the 360 horizontal surface evaluation method, the manager was not sure of implementing it. Most Commonly-Used Performance Evaluation Tool The mark manger evaluated the performance based on two criteria personal characteristic and relationship with the co workers o f the engineer. ... A good relationship means working as a team to solve problems and learn on new skills in order to reach the objective of the team and give the bounce bring about effectual result. Therefore comparing personal characteristic and relationship among the co workers, the latter is more important for effective result. Advantage and Disadvantage Advantage of including the superiors, subordinates and peers in the evaluation process also known as the 360 degree is it improves the performance of whole organization and focuses on individual growth. An all round feedback allows an employee to understand as to how other perceive them and getting feedback directly from customers, colleague in a safe way helps an employee get the honesty of information. In addition it also includes certain disadvantages like it is time consuming and a complex process, it can result in intimidating for some employees due to extensive feedback and most importantly it requires training in orde r to work effectively (Fagerhaugh, 1996, p. 80) Three Common Performance Evaluation Methods Three common performance evaluation methods which ar used to analyze performance data argon rating scale or the be method, 360 degree evaluation method and behavioral evaluation method. Common characteristic of the three methods is that they are used to evaluate performance of the employees by the evaluator. The ranking method is the most common and easiest method where the employees are ranked based on the relative worth towards the organization although the method suffers from defects like bias musical composition from the evaluator and also not suitable for large number of people. The 360 degree helps to get feedback from multisource unlike the ranking method. The

The Philosophy of Kitsch Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Philosophy of Kitsch - Essay ExampleKitsch philosophy states that delicately graphics or prowess is a sole concept. This philosophy does not support the use of fine subterfuge or art in physical manifestation. In 18th century, Immanuel Kant, the German philosopher, highlighted the concept of the using fine art for doing physical manifestation. During 1998, the philosophy of Kitsch became very popular and the Kitsch painter gave huge effort in separating art from craft . The art theorists Hermann Broch, Clement Greenberg and Theodor Adorno popularized the word Kitsch from 1930s. These theorists were against the philosophy of Kitsch. The huge popularity of Kitsch philosophy became a threat for the art world. The culture of the art world was getting changed by the philosophy. Various people contradict the philosophy of Kitsch and enter their views against the philosophy. The philosophy of Kitsch emphasizes on the antithesis of innovative art . The philosophy of Kitsch is relat ed to human nature, senses etc. In the view as On Kitsch the philosophy of the author was highlighted by paintings.The philosophy of Kitsch is closely associated with the idea of art in the ripe times. Earlier in Greece, the word art means beauty and skill. In the modern era, art became a form of expression thoughts . Kant was considered as most influential person who developed the modern and post modern philosophy of art. The philosopher, Hegel supported the theory of Kant. Earlier it was thought that art must be developed by true man who does not have skills.